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Fertility recovery of anther-derived haploid plants in Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.)
Restauración de la fertilidad de plantas haploides derivadas de anteras en uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v36n3.73108Keywords:
colchicine, chloroplasts, chromosomes, mixoploidy (en)colchicina, cloroplastos, cromosomas, mixoploidía (es)
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The cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) is one of the most important Colombian exotic fruits. Chromosome doubling of anther-derived plants is a key factor in the application of double haploid technology for the genetic improvement of crops. In the present study, axillary buds from four haploid cape gooseberry genotypes were used to evaluate artificial chromosome doubling induced by colchicine and its effects on ploidy level and pollen fertility. Three concentrations of colchicine (5, 10 and 15 mM) and three exposure times (2, 4 and 6 h) were used to determine the best treatment for the generation of fertileB plants from axillary buds of haploid genotypes. The colchicine increased both the number of chromosomes, from 36 to 129, and the average chloroplasts in stomata guard cell, from 4.5 to 23.8. The optimal chromosome doubling of the haploids was obtained with the 5 mM colchicine solution and 2 h exposure time. This protocol produced chromosome doubling in over 60% of the regenerants of the four haploid genotypes, with a high level of fertility. Morphologically, the fertile mixoploid plants showed variation in the vegetative, flowering and fruit characteristics, as compared to the haploid plants.
La uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.) es una de las frutas exóticas de mayor importancia para Colombia. La duplicacion cromosómica de plantas derivadas de cultivo de anteras es un factor clave en la aplicacion de la tecnologia doble haploide para el mejoramiento genetico de los cultivos. En el presente estudio, se evaluo la duplicacion cromosomica artificial inducida por colchicina en yemas axilares de cuatro genotipos haploides de uchuva y su efecto en el nivel de ploidia y la fertilidad polinica. Se emplearon tres concentraciones de colchicina (5, 10, 15 mM) y tres tiempos de exposicion (2, 4 y 6 h) con el fin de determinar el mejor tratamiento para la generacion de plantas fertiles a partir de yemas axilares de genotipos haploides. La colchicina incremento el numero de cromosomas entre 34 hasta 129 y el promedio de cloroplastos por celulas guarda entre 4.5 hasta 23.8. El doblamiento cromosomico optimo de plantas haploides se obtuvo con la solucion de colchicina 5 mM por 2 h. Este protocolo produjo doblamiento cromosomico en 60% de las plantas regeneradas obtenidas en los cuatro genotipos haploides, presentando un alto nivel de fertilidad. Morfologicamente, las plantas mixoploides fertiles presentaron variacion en caracteristicas vegetativas, de floracion y en fruto, comparado con las plantas haploides.
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