Polyphasic identification of preharvest pathologies and disorders in avocado cv. Hass

Published

2019-09-01 — Updated on 2024-11-05

Polyphasic identification of preharvest pathologies and disorders in avocado cv. Hass

Identificación polifásica de patologías y trastornos precosecha en aguacate cv. Hass

Keywords:

root rot, abiotic and biotic causal agents, diseases in nurseries and field, detection techniques (en)
pudrición de raíces, agentes causales abióticos y bióticos, enfermedades en vivero y campo, técnicas de detección (es)

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Authors

Joaquín Guillermo Ramírez-Gil Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Bogotá - Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias
Juan Gonzalo Morales Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Bogotá - Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5808-7872

Abstract (en)
Abstract (es)

Diseases and disorders are one of the main limitations of
avocado crops for export and national markets. However, they
are poorly studied in tropical countries such as Colombia. The
objective of this research was to evaluate a polyphasic approach
for the diagnosis of pathologies and disorders associated with
avocado cv. Hass in nurseries and crop fields located in Antioquia, Colombia. Results allowed the identification of several diseases and disorders present on different tissues in all stages of plant development. The root rot disease was associated with 10 microorganisms and two abiotic disorders. Different organs and tissues of avocado plants were affected by pathogens such as Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato, and Phytophthora palmivora. Pathogens that had not been previously reported in Colombia were identified, and among them P. palmivora, Fusarium oxysporum sensu lato, Phytopythium vexans, Phomopsis sp., and Pythium cucurbitacearum stand out. Abiotic disorders such as hypoxiaanoxia, root atrophy, fruit sunburn, and hailstorm damage were also identified. The etiology of peduncle ringing was not identified. Polyphasic diagnosis of pathologies and disorders is an appropriate approach as part of an integrated disease management program in avocado cv. Hass crop. This work is a reference tool on basic aspects associated with the detection of disorders and pathologies in avocado and the taxonomy of the microorganisms involved.

Las enfermedades y los trastornos son una de las principales
limitaciones de los cultivos de aguacate para la exportación y
el mercado nacional. Sin embargo, estos factores limitantes
son poco estudiados en países tropicales como Colombia. El
objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar un enfoque polifásico para
el diagnóstico de patologías y trastornos asociados al aguacate
cv. Hass en viveros y lotes en Antioquia, Colombia. Los resultados permitieron la identificación de varias enfermedades y trastornos presentes en diferentes tejidos en todas las etapas
de desarrollo del cultivo. La enfermedad de la pudrición de la
raíz se asoció a 10 microorganismos y dos trastornos abióticos.
Diferentes órganos y tejidos de las plantas de aguacate fueron
afectados por patógenos como Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato y Phytophthora palmivora.
Se identificaron patógenos no reportados previamente
en Colombia como P. palmivora, Fusarium oxysporum sensu
lato, Phytopythium vexans, Phomopsis sp. y Pythium cucurbitacearum. Por otra parte, se caracterizaron trastornos abióticos como hipoxia-anoxia, la atrofia de la raíz, las quemaduras en fruta por el sol y el daño por granizo. No se identificó la etiología del anillamiento del pedúnculo. El diagnóstico polifásico de patologías y trastornos es un enfoque apropiado como parte de un programa de manejo integrado de enfermedades en el cultivo de aguacate cv. Hass. Este trabajo es una herramienta de consulta en aspectos básicos asociados a la detección de desórdenes y patologías en aguacate y la taxonomía de los microorganismos implicados.

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