Entre valores cosmopolitas e intereses estratégicos: discursos liberales y realistas de la política de seguridad internacional de Canadá durante la posguerra fría

Publicado

2014-05-01

Entre valores cosmopolitas e intereses estratégicos: discursos liberales y realistas de la política de seguridad internacional de Canadá durante la posguerra fría

AMONG COSMOPOLITAN VALUES AND STRATEGIC INTERESTS: LIBERAL AND REALIST DISCOURSES OF CANADA’S INTERNATIONAL SECURITY POLICY DURING POST- COLD WAR

Palabras clave:

Canadá, Política de Seguridad Internacional, Realismo, Liberalismo, Posguerra Fría (es)
Canada, International Security Policy, Realism, Liberalism, post-Cold War (en)

Descargas

PDF
HTML

Autores/as

Federmán Rodríguez M. Universidad del Rosario

Resumen (es)
Resumen (en)

El propósito del artículo consiste en explicar los discursos liberales y realistas que han sustentado la Política de Seguridad Internacional de Canadá (PSIC) durante la posguerra fría. En especial, se ofrecen evidencias orientadas a demostrar que los gobiernos canadienses se debaten inevitablemente entre valores cosmopolitas e intereses estratégicos, al formular sus respectivas políticas de seguridad internacional. Luego de considerar, en el seno de la literatura sobre la PSIC, cómo se han estudiado las orientaciones liberales y realistas de esta política, se explican los discursos liberales y realistas específicos que han configurado las políticas de seguridad internacional de los gobiernos de Jean Chrétien (1993-2003), Paul Martin (2003-2006) y Stephen Harper (2006). Como una consideración final, se pretende dilucidar el modo progresivo en el que los distintos gobiernos canadienses han venido adoptando los intereses y valores cosmopolitas de Estados Unidos en materia de seguridad internacional.

The purpose of the article is to explain the liberal and realist discourses that underpinned the Canadian International Security Policy (CISP) during the post-Cold War. In particular, it offers evidence to show that Canadian governments inevitably debate between cosmopolitan values and strategic interests in formulating their respective policies of international security. After considering how liberal and realist orientations of this policy have been studied in the literature on CISP, it explains the specific liberal and realist discourses that have shaped international security policies of the governments of Jean Chrétien (1993-2003), Paul Martin (2003-2006) and Stephen Harper (2006 -). As a final consideration, it intends to elucidate the progressive way in which the various Canadian governments have been adopting the United States’ cosmopolitan values and interests regarding international security.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

BARRATT, Bethany (2006), "Canadian Foreign Policy and International Human Rights", en Patrick James, Nelson Michaud y J. Marc O'Reilly (Edit), Handbook of Canadian Foreign Policy, Oxford, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.

BLACKWOOD, Elizabeth (2006), "Human Security and Corporate Governance: A Critical Assessment of Canada's Human Security Agenda", en Sandra J. Maclean, David R. Black y Timothy M. Shaw (Edit), A Decade of Human Security. Global Governance and New Multilateralisms, Hampshire, Ashgate, 2006, pp. 88-92.

BLAND, Douglas y MALONEY Sean (2004), Campaigns for International Security: Canada's Defense Policy at the Turn of the Century, Montreal, McGill-Queen's University Press.

BOUCHER, Jean-Christophe (2009), "Selling Afghanistan: A Discourse Analysis of Canada's Military Intervention, 2001-08", en International Journal, Vol. 64, No. 3, pp. 717-733

BREDOW, Wilfred von (2010), "The Revolution in Military Affairs and the Dilemma of the Canadian Armed Forces", en Nik Hynek and David Bosold, Canada's Foreign and Security Policy: Soft and Hard Strategies of a Middle Power, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

BUZAN, Barry (1991), "New Patterns of Global Security in the Twenty-First Century", en International Affairs, Vol. 67, No.3, pp. 431-451.

CANADÁ. (1994), 1994 White Paper on Defense, Ottawa, Department of National Defense.

- (1995), Canada in the World. Canadian Foreign Policy Review 1995 . Ottawa, Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade.

- (1999), Human Security: Safety for People in a Changing World, Ottawa, Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade.

- (2004), Securiting an Open Society: Canada's National Security Policy, Ottawa, Privy Council Office.

- (2005a), Canada's International Policy Statement - Overview, Ottawa, Government of Canada.

- (2005b), Government of Canada, Canada's International Policy Statement - Defence, Ottawa, Government of Canada.

- (2005c), Canada's International Policy Statement - Development, Ottawa, Government of Canada.

- (2008a), Glyn Berry Program, Ottawa, Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, disponible en el sitio web www.international.gc.ca, consultado el 17 de marzo de 2011.

- (2008b), Canada First Defence Strategy, Ottawa, Department of National Defense.

CARMENT, David (2005), Effective Defence Policy for Responding to Failed and Failing States, Ottawa, Canadian Defense and Foreign Affairs Institute.

- El-Achikar Souleima, Prest Stewart y Samy Yiagadeesen (2006), "The 2006 Country Indicators for Foreign Policy: Opportunities and Challenges for Canada", en Canadian Foreign Policy, Vol. 13, No.1, 2006, pp.1-35.

CARVIN, Stephanie (2003) "Make law not war? Canada and the Challenge of International Law in the Age of Terror", en International Journal, Vol. 62, No. 3, pp. 608-619.

CHAPIN, Paul (2010), "Into Aghanistan: The Transformation of Canada's International Security Policy Since 9/11", en American Review of Canadian Studies, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 189-199.

CHRÉTIEN, Jean (2003), "Address on the Occassion of the Calgary Leader's Dinner", disponible en el sitio web www.pco.bcp.ca, consultado el 13 de marzo de 2005.

CLARKSON, Stephen y BANDA, Maria (2003), "Paradigm Shift or Paradigm Twist? The Impact of the Bush Doctrine on Canada", ponencia presentada en el Congreso Canada, Free Trade and Deep Integration in North America: Revitalizing Democracy, Upholding the Public Good.

DESROSIERS, Marie-Eve y LAGASSÉ, Philipe (2009), "Canada and the Bureaucratic Politics of State Fragility", en Diplomacy and Statecraft, Vol. 20, No. 4. pp. 659-678.

DEWITT, David y KIRTON, John (2008), "Three Theoretical Perspectives", en Duanne Bratt y Christopher J. Kukucha, Readings in Canadian Foreign Policy. Classic Debates and New Ideas, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

DUNNE, Tim y MCDONALD, Matt (2013), "The politics of liberal internationalism", en International Politics, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 1-17.

ESTADOS UNIDOS (2005), Strategy for Homeland Defense and Civil Support, Washington D.C, Department of Defence.

- (2008), National Defense Strategy, Washington D.C, Department of Defense.

GOLDSTEIN, Judith y KEOHANE, Robert (1993), "Ideas and Foreign Policy: An Analytical Framework", en Goldstein, Judith y Keohane, Robert (Edit), Ideas and Foreign Policy. Beliefs, Institutions, and Political Change, Ithaca, Cornell University Press.

GOTLIEB, Allan (2004), Romanticism and Realism in Canada's Foreign Policy, Toronto, C.D Hove Institute, 2004.

HAMPSON, Osler y DEAN Oliver, (1998), "Pulpit Diplomacy: A Critical Assessment of the Axworthy Doctrine", en International Journal, Vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 379-406.

HARPER, Stephen (2006a), "Prime Minister Stands by Canada's Commitment to Afghanistan, Ottawa, Ontario, Mayo 17.

- (2006b), "Speech to the Economic Club of New York, New York City, New York, Septiembre 20.

- (2007), "Prime Minister Harper Outlines Agenda for a Stronger, Safer, Better Canada", Ottawa, Ontario, Febrero 6.

- (2008), "PM Unveils Revised Motion on the Future of Canada's Mission in Afghanistan", Ottawa, Ontario, Febrero 21, 2008.

HOLLAND, Kenneth (2012), "How unipolarity impacts Canada's engagement with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization", en Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, Vol.18, No. 1, pp. 51-64.

HOLLOWAY, Steven (2006), Canadian Foreign Policy. Defending the National Interest, Toronto, Broadview.

HURST, Steven (2005) "Myths of Neoconservatism: George W. Bush's 'Neo-conservative' Foreign Policy Revisited, en International Politics, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 75-96.

IRWIN (2001), Ethics and Security in Canadian Foreign Policy, Toronto, UBC Press.

KEATING, Tom (1993), Canada and World Order: The Multilateral Tradition in Canadian Foreign Policy, Toronto, McClelland & Steward Inc., 1993.

KIRKEY, Chistopher y Ostroy, Nicholas (2010), "Why is Canada in Afghanistan? Explaining Canada's Military Commitment, en American Review of Canadian Studies, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 200-213.

LAGASSÉ, Philippe (2005), "Specialization and the Canadian Forces", en Defence and Peace Economics, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 205-222.

- (2008), "Canada, Strategic Defence, and Strategic Stability: A Restrospective and Look Ahead", enInternational Journal, Vol. 62, No. 4, pp. 917-937.

LAWLER, Peter (2013), "The 'Good State' debate in international relations' ", en International Politics, Vol. 50, No. 1 pp. 18-37.

LIPSET, Seymour (1993), La División Continental. Los Valores y las Instituciones de los Estados Unidos y Canadá, México, Fondo de Cultura Económica.

MACKAY, R.A. (1992), "The Canadian Doctrine of Middle power", en Granestein J. L. (Edit), Towards a New World. Readings in the History of Canadian Foreign Policy, Mississaua, Corp Clark Pitman.

MACLEAN, George (2006), "Human Security in the National Interest? Canada, POGG and the 'New Multilateralism', en Sandra J. Maclean, David R. Black y Tymothy M. Shaw, A Decade of Human Security. Global Governance and New Multilateralism, Hampshire, Ashgate, 2006.

MASSIE, Justin (2011), "Bandwagoning for status: Canadá's need of the F-35", en Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 251-264.

MEARSHEIMER, John (2001), The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, New York, W.W. Norton & Company.

MELAKOPIDES, Costas (1998), Pragmatic Idealism: Canadian Foreign Policy. 1945-1995, McGill-Queen's University Press.

MOENS, Alexander (2008), "Afghanistan and the Revolution in Canadian Foreign Policy", en International Journal, Vol. 63, No. 3, pp. 569-586.

MORGENTHAU, Hans (1952), "Another Great Debate': The National Interest of the United States", en The American Political Science Review, Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 961-988.

MURRAY, Robert y MCCOY John (2010), "From Middle Power to Peacebuilder: The Use of Canadian Forces in Modern Canadian Foreign Policy", en American Review of Canadian Studies, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp.171-188.

NAFEY Abdul (2007), "Middle power Diplomacy of Human security" en Raj Christopher y Abdul Nafey (Edit),Canada's Global Engagement and Relations with India, New Dehli, Manak.

NOBLE, John (2008), "PMO/PCO/DFAIT: Serving the Prime Minister's Foreign Policy Agenda", en Jean Daudelin y Daniel Schwanen, Canada Among Nations 2007: What Room for Manoeuvre, Montreal, McGill-Queen's University Press.

NOSSAL, Kim (1999), "Review [de Pragmatic Idealism: Canadian Foreign Policy de Costas Melakopides]", enCanadian Journal of Political Science/Revue Canadienne de science politique, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 786-787.

- (2007), "Right and Wrong in Foreign Policy 40 Years On. Realism and Idealism in Canadian Foreign Policy", en International Journal, Vol. 62, No. 2, pp. 263-278.

- (2010), "'Middlepowerhood' and 'Middlepowermanship' in Canadian Foreign Policy", en Nik Hynek and David Bosold (Edit), Canada's Foreign and Security Policy: Soft and Hard Strategies of a Middle Power, Oxford, Oxford University Press

NURUZZAMAN, Mohammed (2006), "Beyond the Realist Theories: 'Neo-Conservative Realism' and the American Invasion of Iraq", en International Studies Perspectives, Vol. 7, No. 3, p. 239-253.

PERRET, Louis (2001), "El Futuro del Libre Comercio en el Continente Americano: La Política Canadiense", en Esther Mitjans y Joseph Castellà, Canadá. Introducción al Sistema Político y Jurídico, Barcelona, Publicaciones de la Universitat de Barcelona.

RAJ, Christopher (2007), "Canada and International Terrorism since 9/11", en Christopher S. Raj & Abdul Nafey (Edit), Canada's Global Engagement and Relations with India, New Dehli, Manak, 2007.

RÖDER, Anne (Editora Principal) (2008), "Part 3: Whole-of-Government Approaches to Fragile States", en OECD Journal on Development, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 179-232.

RODRÍGUEZ, Federmán (2013), "Debates clásicos y contemporáneos sobre la política exterior y de seguridad de Canadá: hacia una comprensión de la contribución canadiense a la seguridad internacional", en Canadá: seguridad nacional, cambio económico e identidades. Una mirada desde América Latina, Bogotá, Centro Editorial Universidad del Rosario, pp. 3-56.

SMITH, Heather (2001), "Niche Diplomacy in Canadian Human Rights Policy: Ethics or Economics?" en Rosalind Irwin, Ethics and Security in Canadian Foreign Policy, Toronto, UBC Press.

SOKOLSKY, Joel y LAGASSÉ, Philippe (2005/2006), "Suspender and a Belt: Perimeter and Border in Canada-U.S. Relations", en Canadian Foreign Policy, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 15-29

TALIAFERRO, Jefrey (2000-2001), "Security Seeking under Anarchy: Defensive Realism Revisited", International Security, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 128 - 161.

TIGERSTROM, Barbara von (2007), Human Security and International Law, Oxford, Hart Publishing.

TOMLIN, Brian, HILLMER, Norman y HAMPSON, Fen (2008), Canada's International Policies. Agendas, Alternatives, and Politics, Toronto, Oxford University Press, 2008.

WALTZ, Kenneth (1979), Theory of International Politics, New York, McGrawHill.

WEDGWOOD, Ruth (2003), "The Fall of Saddam Hussein: Security Council Mandates and Preemptive Self-Defense", en The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 97, No. 3, pp. 576-585.

WRIGHT, Gerald (2009), "Managers, Innovators and Diplomats: Canada's Foreign Ministers", en Robert Bothwell y Jean Daudelin (eds), Canada Among Nations 2008. 100 Years of Canadian Foreign Policy, Montreal & Kingston, McGill-Queen's University Press.