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Equipos de atención primaria efectivos: un análisis normativo, más allá de los equipos básicos de salud en Colombia
Effective Primary Care Teams: A Normative Analysis Beyond Basic Health Teams in Colombia
Equipes de atenção primária efetivas: uma análise normativa para além das equipes básicas de saúde na Colômbia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/av.enferm.v43n3.120393Keywords:
Atención Primaria de Salud, Médicos, Enfermeras y Enfermeros, Personal de Salud, Colombia, Grupo de Atención al Paciente (es)Patient Care Team, Primary Health Care, Physicians, Nurses, Health Personnel, Colombia (en)
Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente, Atenção Primária à Saúde, Médicos, Pessoal de Saúde, Enfermeiros, Colombia (pt)
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Introducción: los equipos básicos de salud fueron creados para facilitar el acceso a los servicios de salud en Colombia.
Objetivo: analizar de qué forma los equipos básicos de salud en Colombia pueden incrementar el acceso a los servicios de salud.
Metodología: análisis normativo en tres etapas: (i) conformación, finalidad, funciones y efectividad de los equipos básicos de salud en Colombia; (ii) conformación, finalidad, funciones y efectividad de los equipos de atención primaria; y (iii) brechas entre los equipos básicos de salud en Colombia y los equipos de atención primaria efectivos.
Resultados: los equipos básicos de salud en Colombia no tienen una conformación definida, su finalidad no incluye la prestación de servicios de salud, sus funciones no abarcan las funciones claves de la atención primaria y podrían facilitar el acceso a los servicios de salud si aplican
instrumentos validados. Los equipos de atención primaria efectivos usualmente inician su conformación con enfermería o medicina y, posteriormente, incorporan a otros integrantes técnicos o profesionales, clínicos o no clínicos, hospitalarios o comunitarios, formales o
informales. Su finalidad es prestar servicios de salud, cumplen funciones claves de atención primaria y su efectividad está demostrada.
Conclusiones: la conformación, finalidad y funciones de los equipos de atención primaria efectivos pueden complementar a los equipos básicos de salud en Colombia.
Recomendamos construir una política pública de salud que considere factores que inhiben o facilitan la conformación de equipos efectivos, así como incluir aspectos normativos y empíricos en la agenda investigativa para fortalecer los equipos como pilar de la atención primaria.
Introduction: Basic health teams were created to facilitate access to health services in Colombia.
Objective: To analyze how basic health teams in Colombia can increase access to health services.
Methodology: A three-stage normative analysis: (i) composition, purpose, functions, and effectiveness of basic health teams in Colombia; (ii) composition, purpose, functions, and effectiveness of primary care teams; and (iii) gaps between basic health teams in Colombia and effective primary care teams.
Results: Basic health teams in Colombia do not have a defined composition, their purpose does not include the provision of health services, their functions do not cover key primary care functions, and they could facilitate access to health services if they implement validated instruments. Effective primary care teams usually start their composition with nursing or medicine and later incorporate other technical or professional members, clinical or non-clinical, hospital-based or community-based, formal or informal. Their purpose is to provide health services, they fulfill key primary care functions, and their effectiveness is demonstrated.
Conclusions: The composition, purpose, and functions of effective primary care teams can complement basic health teams in Colombia. We recommend developing a public health policy that considers factors that inhibit or facilitate the formation of effective teams, as well as including normative and empirical aspects in the research agenda to strengthen teams as a pillar of primary care.
Introdução: As equipes básicas de saúde foram criadas para facilitar o acesso aos serviços de saúde na Colômbia.
Objetivo: Analisar de que forma as equipes básicas de saúde na Colômbia podem ampliar o acesso aos serviços de saúde.
Metodologia: Análise normativa em três etapas: (i) composição, finalidade, funções e efetividade das equipes básicas de saúde na Colômbia; (ii) composição, finalidade, funções e efetividade das equipes de atenção primária; e (iii) lacunas entre as equipes básicas de saúde na Colômbia e as equipes de atenção primária efetivas.
Resultados: As equipes básicas de saúde na Colômbia não têm composição definida, sua finalidade não inclui a prestação de serviços de saúde, suas funções não abrangem funções-chave da atenção primária e poderiam facilitar o acesso aos serviços de saúde caso aplicassem instrumentos validados. As equipes de atenção primária
efetivas geralmente se iniciam com profissionais de enfermagem ou medicina e, posteriormente, incorporam outros membros técnicos ou profissionais, clínicos ou não clínicos, hospitalares ou comunitários, formais ou informais. Sua finalidade é prestar serviços de saúde, cumprem funções-chave da atenção primária e têm efetividade demonstrada.
Conclusões: A composição, a finalidade e as funções das equipes de atenção primária efetivas podem complementar as equipes básicas de saúde na Colômbia. Recomendamos elaborar uma política pública de saúde que considere fatores que inibem ou facilitam a formação de equipes efetivas, bem como incluir aspectos normativos e empíricos na agenda de pesquisa para fortalecer as equipes como
pilar da atenção primária.
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