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Las semanas de gestación como factor asociado a la práctica de la lactancia materna inmediata
Gestation weeks as an associated factor to the practice of immediate breastfeeding
As semanas de gestação como fator associado à prática da amamentação materna imediata
Keywords:
Semanas de gestación, apego precoz, lactancia materna inmediata, recién nacido (es)infant premature, breastfeeding, prenatal care, nurse midwives (en)
aleitamento materno, cuidado pré-natal, enfermeiras obstétricas, recém-nascido prematuro (pt)
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Introducción: iniciar la lactancia tempranamente es crucial para aprovechar el periodo sensitivo del recién nacido y la cascada hormonal materna inmediata al posparto, que en conjunto favorecen la continuidad de la lactancia durante el desarrollo del niño. Sin embargo, existen factores que pueden afectar la realización de la lactancia materna inmediata (LMI) con consecuencias que afectan la salud.
Objetivo: determinar si existe relación entre la LMI y las características del control prenatal, del parto y de tipo socioeconómico.
Material y métodos: estudio de casos y controles. Se aplicaron encuestas a mujeres con hijos entre 6 y 24 meses de edad. El muestreo fue no probabilístico. Se compararon las medias a través de la t de student, se buscaron asociaciones a través de correlación de Spearman y Odds ratio.
Resultados: las semanas de gestación (SDG) tuvieron una media inferior en el grupo de mujeres que realizaron LMI (p=0,023). Las mujeres con mayores ingresos económicos realizaron menos LMI [Rho= -0.28 (p <0.05)] y a menos SDG aumenta la práctica de LMI [Rho= -0,35 (p <0,05)]. Nacer con más de 38 SDG se relaciona con menor realización de LMI [OR= 0.16 (IC 0,04-0,64)].
Conclusiones: mientras que el menor ingreso económico y escolaridad de la madre se relacionan con menor práctica de LMI, cuando el parto se da antes de las 38 SDG la probabilidad aumenta.
Introduction: Early initiation of breastfeeding is crucial to take advantage of the sensitive period of the newborn and the maternal hormonal cascade immediately after birth, which together stimulate the continuity of breastfeeding during the child’s development. However, there are factors that may affect the practice of immediate breastfeeding (IB) with negative consequences for health.
Objective: To establish whether there is a relationship among IB, birth, prenatal care and socio-demographic factors.
Material and Methods: A case-control study was conducted. Surveys were applied to women with children aged 6 to 24 months. Convenience sampling was used. The averages were calculated under t Student´s test, the Spearman correlation coefficients and odds ratio.
Results: The gestation weeks (GW) had a lower average in the group of women who practiced IB (p = 0.023). Women with higher incomes were less likely to IB [Rho = -0.28 (p < 0.05)]; unless GW increases the likelihood of IB [Rho = -0.35 (p < 0.05)] It was found that birth before 38 GW favors the practice of IB [OR = 0.16 (CI 0.04 to 0.64)].
Conclusions: Even considering that mothers’ low economic and educational level are related to less IB practice, when the birth occurs before 38 GW this probability increases.
Introdução: iniciar o aleitamento materno precocemente é crucial para aproveitar o período sensitivo do recém-nascido e a cascata hormonal materna imediata após o parto, que juntos favorecem a continuidade do aleitamento materno durante o desenvolvimento da criança. No entanto, existem fatores que podem afetar o desempenho do aleitamento materno imediato (AMI) com consequências negativas para a saúde. Objetivo: determinar se existe uma relação entre AMI, fatores natais, controle pré-natal e características socioeconômicas. Material e métodos: estudo de caso e controle. Foram aplicados questionários a mulheres com filhos entre 6 e 24 meses de idade. A amostragem foi à conveniência. Estimaram-se as médias através de t de Student e os coeficientes de correlação de Spearman e Odds ratio. Resultados: as semanas de gestação (SDG) tiveram uma média inferior no grupo de mulheres que fizeram AMI p = 0,023. Mulheres com rendimentos mais elevados tiveram menor propensão a AMI [Rho = -0,28 (p <0,05)]; a menos SDG aumenta a probabilidade de AMI [Rho = -0,35 (p <0,05)]. Nascimento antes de 38 SDG promove a AMI [OR = 0,16 (IC 0,04-0,64)]. Conclusões: enquanto o menor nível econômico e escolaridade da mãe estão relacionados à menor prática de AMI, quando o parto ocorre antes de 38 semanas de gestação, essa probabilidade aumenta.
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