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Social support perceived by pregnant and puerperal women with HIV: A cross-sectional study
Apoyo social percibido por mujeres embarazadas y en período postparto con VIH: un estudio transversal
Suporte social percebido por gestantes e puérperas com HIV: estudo transversal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/avenferm.v39n1.86613Keywords:
Women's Health, Pregnancy, Postpartum period, Social support, HIV (en)VIH, Salud de la Mujer, Embarazo, Periodo Posparto, Apoyo Social (es)
HIV, Saúde da Mulher, Gravidez, Período pós-parto, Suporte social (pt)
Objective: To assess whether the social support perceived by pregnant women with HIV is different from that observed by puerperal women also with HIV.
Method: The study had a quantitative approach and a cross-sectional design. It was developed from April to November 2014 in southern Brazil with 78 participants. The Social Support Scale for people living with HIV/AIDS was applied. In addition, descriptive analysis, T-test, Fisher’s exact test, and linear logistic regression were performed.
Results: There was a significant difference in total and instrumental social support scores, which show that the group of pregnant women report higher social support rates. Puerperal women are 8.8 times more likely to have low total social support (OR: 8.80; IC: 1.01-16.76) and 6.0 times more likely to have low instrumental social support (OR: 6.00; IC: 1.53-10.48). The level of satisfaction with the support from friends in the emotional (p =0.009) and instrumental (p =0.004) dimensions was low. It was evidenced that beingpregnant is a protective factor in comparison with being a puerperal woman.
Conclusions: Puerperal women living with HIV are dissatisfied with the social support they perceive, which involves the clinical practice of health professionals. Therefore, health professionals must qualify health care in a way that includes the social dimension of this type of patients.
Objetivo: evaluar si el apoyo social percibido por las mujeres embarazadas con VIH difiere de aquel percibido por mujeres puérperas también con VIH.
Método: el estudio tuvo un abordaje cuantitativo y transversal y se desarrolló entre abril y noviembre de 2014 en el sur del Brasil con un total de 78 participantes, empleando la Escala de Apoyo Social para personas con VIH/SIDA. Adicionalmente, se realizaron análisis descriptivos, prueba T, prueba exacta de Fisher y regresión logística linear.
Resultados: se reportó una diferencia significativa en el puntaje de apoyo social total e instrumental, evidenciando que el grupo de mujeres embarazadas reportó mayores tasas de apoyo social. Las mujeres puérperas evidencian 8,8 veces más probabilidades de recibir poco apoyo social total (OR: 8,80; IC: 1,01-16,76) y 6 veces más probabilidades de recibir bajo apoyo social instrumental (OR: 6,00; IC: 1,53-10,48). Además, el grado de satisfacción con el apoyo suministrado por amigos en la dimensión emocional (p = 0,009) y en la instrumental (p = 0,004) registran bajos niveles. Se evidencia que estar embarazada es
un factor de protección en comparación con la situación de las mujeres puérperas.
Conclusiones: las mujeres puérperas con VIH no están satisfechas con el apoyo social que reciben, lo cual involucra en la práctica clínica a los profesionales de la salud. Así, estos profesionales deben contemplar la dimensión social de los pacientes como parte de la atención en salud.
Objetivo: avaliar se o suporte social percebido pelas gestantes com HIV é diferente daquele percebido pelas puérperas também com HIV.
Método: estudo com abordagem quantitativa, delineamento transversal, realizado de abril a novembro de 2014, no sul do Brasil, com 78 participantes. Foi aplicada a Escala de Suporte Social para pessoas que vivem com HIV/aids. Foram realizados análise descritiva, teste T, teste exato de Fisher e regressão logística linear.
Resultados: houve diferença significativa nos escores de suporte social total e instrumental, demonstrando que o grupo das gestantes tem maiores taxas de suporte social. As puérperas apresentam 8,8 vezes mais chances de ter baixo suporte social total (OR:8,80; IC: 1,01-16,76), e 6 vezes (OR: 6,00; IC: 1,53-10,48) mais chances de ter baixo
suporte social instrumental. Foi baixo o grau de satisfação com o apoio de amigos nas dimensões emocional (p = 0,009) e instrumental (p = 0,004). Foi evidenciado que ser gestante é fator de proteção em comparação com a situação das mulheres puérperas.
Conclusões: as mulheres puérperas que vivem com HIV estão insatisfeitas com o suporte social percebido, o que implica a prática clínica dos profissionais da saúde. Assim, esses profissionais devem considerar a dimensão social dos pacientes como parte da atenção em saúde.
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1. Georgia Pontiki, Antigoni Sarantaki, Petros Nikolaidis, Aikaterini Lykeridou. (2022). Factors Affecting Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence among HIV-Positive Pregnant Women in Greece: An Exploratory Study. Healthcare, 10(4), p.654. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10040654.
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