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Ansiedad en tiempos de aislamiento social por COVID-19. Chota, Perú - 2020
Anxiety in times of social isolation by COVID-19. Chota, Peru – 2020
Ansiedade em tempos de isolamento social por COVID-19. Chota, Peru - 2020
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/av.enferm.v38n1supl.87589Keywords:
Pandemia, Salud, Salud Pública, Salud Mental, COVID-19 (es)Pandemic, Health, Public Health, Mental Health, COVID-19 (en)
Pandemia, Sáude, Saúde Pública, Saúde Mental, Covid-19 (pt)
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Objetivo: Identificar el nivel de ansiedad según características sociodemográficas de los adultos en aislamiento social obligatorio por COVID-19 en un barrio de una ciudad de Perú.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, desarrollado durante una parte del periodo que el aislamiento social obligatorio en el Perú (marzo - junio). El instrumento fue entregado a domicilio, y recogido ya sea en el domicilio o enviado al correo electrónico del investigador entre en 7° y 12º día de aislamiento. Con una población de 142 adultos y una muestra de 67. Se identificó los niveles de ansiedad mediante la Escala de Autoevaluación de la Ansiedad de Zung (1971), y un cuestionario con nueve variables sociodemográficas.
Resultados: La ansiedad alcanzó al 43.3% de participantes, 20.9% presentan ansiedad leve, 13.4% moderada, y 9.0% severa. El nivel de ansiedad según variables sociodemográficas fue más frecuente en el sexo femenino, en personas de 40 a más años, casados/convivientes y divorciados/separados, en los que llevan entre 10 a 12 días de aislamiento, cuando se está en compañía de alguien, cuando hay afectación económica o cuando no realizan actividades distractoras.
Conclusión: Los niveles de ansiedad durante una pandemia pueden llegar a reducirse cuando; la duración del aislamiento es el más corto posible, la persona recibe información precisa, se informa de medios de comunicación confiables, cuenta con el suministro suficiente para disminuir la frecuencia de salidas, tiene una situación financiera estable, realiza actividades lúdico/recreativas, y cuando mejora la comunicación (física o virtual).
Objective: To identify the level of anxiety according to sociodemographic characteristics of adults in compulsory social isolation by COVID-19 in a neighborhood of a city in Peru.
Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study developed during compulsory social isolation in Peru (March - June). The instrument was delivered to the home, and collected either at home or sent to the investigator's email between the 7th and 12th day of isolation. With a population of 142 adults and a sample of 67. Anxiety levels were identified using the Zung Self-Assessment Anxiety Scale (1971), and a questionnaire with nine sociodemographic variables.
Results: Anxiety reached 43.3% of participants, 20.9% present mild anxiety, 13.4% moderate, and 9.0% severe. The level of anxiety according to sociodemographic variables was more frequent in the female sex, in people aged 40 and over, married / living together and divorced / separated, in those who have been between 10 to 12 days of isolation, when they are in the company of someone, when there is economic affectation or when they do not carry out distracting activities.
Conclusion: The levels of anxiety during a pandemic can be reduced when; the duration of the isolation is as short as possible, the person receives accurate information, is informed by reliable means of communication, has sufficient supplies to reduce the frequency of outings, has a stable financial situation, carries out recreational / recreational activities, and when improves communication (physical or virtual).
Objetivo: Identificar o nível de ansiedade de acordo com as características sociodemográficas de adultos em isolamento social obrigatório pelo COVID-19 em um bairro de uma cidade no Peru.
Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo, desenvolvido durante o isolamento social obrigatório no Peru (março a junho). O instrumento foi entregue em casa e coletado em casa ou enviado ao e-mail do investigador entre os dias 7 e 12 de isolamento. Com uma população de 142 adultos e uma amostra de 67. Os níveis de ansiedade foram identificados usando a Escala de Auto-Avaliação de Ansiedade de Zung (1971) e um questionário com nove variáveis sociodemográficas.
Resultados: A ansiedade atingiu 43,3% dos participantes, 20,9% apresentam ansiedade leve, 13,4% moderada e 9,0% grave. O nível de ansiedade segundo as variáveis sociodemográficas foi mais frequente no sexo feminino, em pessoas com 40 anos ou mais de idade, casadas / morando juntas e divorciadas / separadas, naquelas que passaram de 10 a 12 dias de isolamento, na companhia de alguém, quando houver afetação econômica ou quando não realizarem atividades que distraem.
Conclusão: Os níveis de ansiedade durante uma pandemia podem ser reduzidos quando; a duração do isolamento é o mais curta possível, a pessoa recebe informações precisas, é informada por meios confiáveis de comunicação, possui suprimentos suficientes para reduzir a frequência de partidas, tem uma situação financeira estável, realiza atividades recreativas / recreativas e, quando melhora a comunicação (física ou virtual).
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