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Velocidad de la marcha y cognición en adultos mayores en atención secundaria de salud
Gait speed and cognition in elderly users of secondary care service
Velocidade da marcha e cognição em idosos da atenção secundária em saúde
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/avenferm.v39n1.88364Keywords:
Anciano frágil, Deterioro cognitivo, Marcha, Fluencia verbal., Adulto Mayor (es)Frail elderly, Elderly, Cognitive impairment, Gait, Verbal fluency. (en)
Idoso Fragilizado, Idoso, Disfunção Cognitiva, Marcha, Fluência Verbal. (pt)
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Objetivo: analizar la asociación entre la velocidad de la marcha y la cognición de adultos mayores que se encuentran en asistencia ambulatoria geriátrica y gerontológica.
Materiales y método: estudio cuantitativo transversal realizado con 407 adultos mayores (≥ 60 años) atendidos en el Centro Ambulatorio de Geriatría y Gerontología del municipio de São José dos Pinhais, Paraná (Brasil). La condición de fragilidad física se evaluó utilizando el fenotipo de fragilidad y el cribado cognitivo mediante el Mini-Mental State Examination y el test de fluencia verbal semántica. El análisis univariado se realizó mediante una prueba de chi-cuadrado con nivel de significación estadístico de p ≤ 0,05.
Resultados: del total de participantes, se observaron 226 (55,5 %) adultos mayores prefrágiles, 238 (58,5%) reportaron deterioro cognitivo, 90 (22 %) de la fluidez verbal semántica y 205 (50,4 %) presentaron velocidad de la marcha reducida, variable que registró una asociación significativa con el deterioro cognitivo (p = 0,003) y las alteraciones de la fluencia verbal semántica (p < 0,001).
Conclusiones: los resultados señalan la necesidad de implementar la evaluación de la velocidad de la marcha en adultos mayores como parte de la práctica clínica de geriatría y gerontología. Este componente revela un posible deterioro cognitivo y permite la realización de acciones que puedan perfeccionar el manejo de los cuidados ante la fragilidad física en adultos mayores.
Objective: To study the association between gait speed and cognition in elderly patients undergoing geriatric and gerontological outpatient treatment.
Materials and method: Quantitative and crossectional study with 407 elderly patients (≥60 years) treated at the Geriatrics and Gerontology Outpatient Clinic in the town of São José dos Pinhais, Paraná (Brazil). Physical frailty condition was assessed using the frailty phenotype and the cognitive assessment by means of the Mini Mental State Examination and the Semantic Verbal Fluency Test. The univariate analysis was performed
using a chi-square test with a level of statistical significance of p ≤ 0.05
Results: Out of the total participants, we observed that 226 (55.5%) elderly patients were pre-frail, 238 (58.5%) had cognitive impairments, 90 (22%) showed impaired semantic verbal fluency, and 205 (50.4%) decreased gait speed. This last variable showed a significant association with cognitive decline (p = 0.003) and changes in semantic verbal fluency (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: Our results indicate the need of implementing gait speed assessment in elderly patients in the geriatrics and gerontology clinical practice. This component reveals a possible cognitive deterioration and enables us to develop actions that may improve care management in the face of physical frailty in elderly individuals.
Objetivo: analisar a associação entre a velocidade da marcha e a cognição de idosos em assistência ambulatorial de geriatria e gerontologia.
Materiais e método: estudo quantitativo transversal, realizado com 407 idosos (≥ 60 anos), atendidos no Ambulatório de Geriatria e gerontologia, do município de São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brasil. A condição de fragilidade física foi avaliada mediante o fenótipo de fragilidade e o rastreio cognitivo pelo Mini-Exame do Estado Mental e Teste de Fluência Verbal Semântica. A análise univariada foi realizada por teste de qui-quadrado com nível de significância estatístico de p ≤ 0,05.
Resultados: do total de participantes, foram observados 226 (55,5 %) idosos pré-frágeis, 238 (58,5 %) apresentaram declínio cognitivo, 90 (22 %) comprometimento na fluência verbal semântica e 205 (50,4 %) velocidade da marcha reduzida, variável que registrou associação significativa com o comprometimento cognitivo (p = 0,003) e alterações da fluência verbal semântica (p < 0,001).
Conclusões: os resultados apontam para a necessidade de implementar na prática clínica de geriatria e gerontologia a avaliação da velocidade da marcha em idosos. Esse componente revela possibilidades de comprometimento cognitivo e faculta ações que possam aprimorar a gestão de cuidados diante da fragilidade física em idosos.
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1. Lupita Hernández-Cruz, Roberto Ramírez-Torres, María Xochitl Mendoza-Guerrero, Benjamín López-Nolasco, Araceli Cano-Estrada. (2023). Ejercicio físico como intervención de enfermería para la fragilidad en adultos mayores. SANUS, 8, p.e350. https://doi.org/10.36789/revsanus.vi1.350.
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