Adherencia al tratamiento y creencias sobre los medicamentos en personas con hipertensión arterial
Adherence to treatment and beliefs about medications among people with arterial hypertension
Adesão ao tratamento e crenças sobre medicamentos em pessoas com hipertensão arterial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/av.enferm.v41n2.93311Keywords:
Cultura, Cumplimiento y Adherencia al Tratamiento, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Hipertensión Esencial (es)Culture, Compliance and Adherence to Treatment, Cardiovascular Diseases, Essential Hypertension (en)
Cultura, Cumprimento e Adesão ao Tratamento, Doenças Cardiovasculares, Hipertensão Essencial (pt)
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Objetivo: evaluar la adherencia al tratamiento y su relación con las creencias sobre los medicamentos en personas con hipertensión arterial (HTA).
Materiales y método: estudio transversal en el que participaron 374 personas con hipertensión arterial, quienes respondieron el Cuestionario de adherencia al tratamiento para pacientes con hipertensión y el Cuestionario de creencias sobre los medicamentos (BMQ, general y específico) validados en Colombia. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva y análisis de regresión multivariable.
Resultados: 63,1 % de los participantes fueron mujeres y la edad promedio fue de 70 años (DE: 13,2). La proporción de no adherencia al tratamiento global fue de 53,5 %. En la sección BMQ-General, la puntuación media más alta fue para la subescala "daño" (10,98 ± 2,25), mientras que en la sección BMQ-Específico para HTA fue la subescala "necesidad" (18,6 ± 3,3). En el análisis multivariado se encontró que la adherencia al tratamiento estaba relacionada con las creencias de abuso de la medicación (β = 0,14; IC 95 % 1,004-1,337), la edad (β = -0,03; IC 95 % 0,947-0,987), el sexo (β = -0,53; IC 95 % 0,360-0,955) y estar recibiendo ARA II como medicación prescrita (β = 0,03; IC 95 % 0,289-0,943).
Conclusiones: existe relación entre la adherencia al tratamiento y las creencias sobre el abuso de los medicamentos antihipertensivos, la edad y el sexo. Para mejorar la adherencia al tratamiento de personas con HTA es fundamental identificar las creencias sobre los medicamentos, incluidas las actitudes hacia estos. Por ello, los factores asociados con la adherencia identificados en esta investigación deben considerarse en la realización de futuros estudios sobre el tema.
Objective: To evaluate adherence to arterial hypertension treatment and its relationship with beliefs about medications in individuals with this health condition.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 374 individuals with arterial hypertension, who completed the Questionnaire of Adherence to Treatment for Hypertension Patients and the Questionnaire of Beliefs About Medications (BMQ, general and specific) validated for Colombia. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analysis.
Results: Out of total participants, 63.1% were women, and the average age was 70 years (SD: 13.2). The proportion of non-adherence to global treatment was 53.5%. In the BMQ-General section, the highest average score observed for the "damage" subscale (10.98 ± 2.25), while in the BMQ-Specific section for arterial hypertension, it was the "need" subscale (18.6 ± 3.3). Multivariate analysis revealed that treatment adherence was associated with beliefs about medication abuse (β = 0.14; 95% CI 1.004-1.337), age (β = -0.03; 95% CI 0.947-0.987), sex (β = -0.53; 95% CI 0.360-0.955), and receiving ARA II as prescribed medication (β= 0.03; 95% CI 0.289-0.943).
Conclusion: There is a relationship between adherence to treatment and the beliefs about the abuse of antihypertensive medications, age, and sex. To enhance treatment adherence in individuals with arterial hypertension, it is crucial to identify beliefs about medications, including attitudes towards them. These factors related to adherence should be considered in future studies.
Objetivo: avaliar a adesão ao tratamento e sua relação com as crenças sobre medicamentos em pessoas com hipertensão arterial.
Materiais e método: estudo transversal, do qual participaram 374 pessoas com hipertensão arterial, que responderam ao Questionário de adesão ao tratamento para hipertensos e ao Questionário de crenças sobre medicamentos (BMQ — geral e específico), validados na Colômbia. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de
estatística descritiva e análise de regressão multivariada.
Resultados: 63,1% dos participantes eram mulheres; a idade média foi de 70 anos (DP: 13,2). A proporção de não adesão ao tratamento global foi de 53,5%. Na seção geral do BMQ, a pontuação média mais alta foi para a subescala "dano" (10,98 ± 2,25) e, na seção específica do BMQ para hipertensão arterial, foi a subescala "necessidade" (18,6 ± 3,3). Na análise multivariada, verificou-se que a adesão ao tratamento estava relacionada às crenças de abuso de medicamentos (β = 0,14; IC 95% 1,004-1,337), idade (β = -0,03; IC 95% 0,947-0,987), sexo (β = - 0,53; IC 95% 0,360-0,955) e estar recebendo ARA II como medicamento prescrito (β = 0,03; IC 95% 0,289-0,943).
Conclusões: existe relação entre adesão ao tratamento e crenças sobre o abuso de medicamentos anti-hipertensivos, idade e sexo. Para melhorar a adesão ao tratamento em pessoas com hipertensão, é essencial identificar crenças sobre medicamentos, incluindo ações sobre isso. Esses fatores associados à adesão devem ser considerados em estudos futuros.
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