Evaluación de factores que afectan la bioacidulación de roca fosfórica bajo condiciones in vitro
Evaluation of factors that affect bioacidulation rock phosphate under in vitro conditions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v19n1.65968Palabras clave:
solubilization, phosphorus, phosphate solubilizing microorganism (en)
El fósforo (P) es un nutriente esencial para el desarrollo de las plantas, desafortunadamente, su disponibilidad en muchos suelos es baja. Consecuentemente, los agricultores aplican altas cantidades de fertilizantes fosfóricos solubles, pero esto es ineficiente y costoso. El uso directo de roca fosfórica (RP) es muy atractivo por su bajo costo; sin embargo, es poco soluble y de baja eficiencia agronómica. Para superar esta limitación, hay un creciente interés en el uso de microorganismos del suelo capaces de disolverla y mejorar su valor como fertilizante. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto que tienen algunos factores sobre la capacidad del hongo Mortierella sp. para disolver RP bajo condiciones in vitro. Estos factores son: (i) tiempo de incubación, (ii) tipo de RP, (iii) concentración inicial de P soluble y (iv) adición de vitaminas y micronutrientes. Despues del periodo de incubación se midió P en solución y pH. Los resultados indican que producto de la biodisolución de RP la más alta concentración de P en solución se alcanzó al día 5. Por otro lado, la biodisolución de RP fue reducida por la adición de vitaminas y micronutrientes y por el incremento en la concentración inicial de P soluble en el medio. Aunque la disolución microbiana fue más efectiva con la RP de Carolina del Norte, las RP del Huila y Santander presentaron un buen nivel de disolución en un periodo de tiempo corto. La bioacidulación mejorara la efectividad agronómica de la RP para su uso directo o a través de un proceso biotecnológico previo.
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plant development, unfortunately, its availability in many soils is low. Consequently, farmers apply high quantities of soluble P fertilizers, but this is an inefficient and costly practice. The direct use of rock phosphate (RP) is a highly attractive option because its low cost, but this material has low solubility and low agronomic efficiency. In order to overcome this limitation, there is a growing interest in the use of soil microorganisms capable of dissolving RP and improving its value as a P fertilizer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of some factors on the effectiveness of the fungus Mortierella sp. to dissolve RP under in vitro conditions. These factors included: (i) incubation time, (ii) type of RP, (iii) initial concentration of soluble P, and (iv) addition of vitamins and micronutrients. After the incubation period, P and pH were measured in solution. The results indicated that as a consequence of the biodissolution of RP, the highest concentration of soluble P in the medium was reached on the day 5th. The biodissolution of RP was reduced by the addition of vitamins and micronutrients and by the increase in the initial concentration of soluble P. Although microbial dissolution was more effective with North Carolina RP, RPs from Huila and Santander showed a good level of dissolution in a short period of time. Bioacidulation will improve the agronomic effectiveness of RP for its direct use or through a previous biotechnological process.
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