Publicado

2024-08-28

Is Digitonthophagus gazella undergoing a naturalization process? A study case in a tropical dry forest of northern Colombia

¿Está Digitonthophagus gazella en proceso de naturalización? Estudio de caso en un bosque seco tropical del norte de Colombia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v46n3.105526

Palabras clave:

Competition, Dung beetles, Ecological functions, Ecological interactions, Invasive species (en)
Competencia, Escarabajos estercoleros, Funciones ecológicas, Interacciones ecológicas, Especie invasora (es)

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Autores/as

Digitonthophagus gazella was deliberately introduced to several American countries to remove bovine manure and control hematophagous flies and gastrointestinal parasites. This species, typically found in open habitats, has opportunistic strategies for resource utilization, high reproductive and dispersal rates, and processes large quantities of cattle dung. As a result, it rapidly colonized the lowlands of the American continent, achieving a wide distribution; and being currently catalogued as an invasive exotic species in several tropical and subtropical countries. Based on research completed and samples taken during six years in three ecological environments (forest, intensive silvopastoral systems, and treeless pastures) in the Cesar River valley, northern Colombia, an analysis is proposed to evaluate whether D. gazella behaves as an invasive or a naturalized species. To assess information about its distribution, food preferences, relationship with native species during temporal succession in resource use, ecological functions related to removing dung and soil perturbation, and risks or benefits this species represents to native dung beetle fauna in the valley were weighed. A classification is presented utilizing conventional criteria. According to our analysis, D. gazella could be considered an introduced, naturalized species with minimal impact in the Cesar River valley since it did not enter the forest, did not generate competition through exclusion with native species, prefers bovine dung, completes ecologically important functions for cattle systems, and has economic benefits due to the reduction of agrochemical use. Further research is suggested to corroborate if these results operate nationwide.

Digitonthophagus gazella fue introducida deliberadamente en varios países de América para eliminar el estiércol bovino y controlar moscas hematófagas y parásitos gastrointestinales. Esta especie, normalmente de hábitats abiertos, tiene estrategias oportunistas para la utilización de recursos, altas tasas de reproducción y dispersión, y procesa grandes cantidades de estiércol de ganado. Como resultado, colonizó rápidamente las tierras bajas del continente americano, logrando una amplia distribución. Actualmente es catalogada como una especie exótica invasora. Con base en investigaciones realizadas y muestras tomadas durante seis años en tres ambientes ecológicos (bosque, sistemas silvopastoriles intensivos y pastizales sin árboles) en el valle del río Cesar, norte de Colombia, se propone un análisis para evaluar si D. gazella se comporta como invasora o naturalizada. Se estudiaron las funciones ecológicas relacionadas con la remoción de estiércol y perturbación del suelo y los riesgos o beneficios que esta especie representa para la fauna nativa de escarabajos coprófagos en el valle, se evaluó su distribución, preferencias alimentarias y relación con especies nativas durante la sucesión temporal en el uso de recursos. De acuerdo con nuestro análisis, usando criterios convencionales, D. gazella podría considerarse una especie introducida, naturalizada y con mínimo impacto en la zona, ya que no ingresa al bosque, no genera competencia por exclusión con especies nativas, tiene preferencia por el estiércol bovino, completa funciones ecológicas en los sistemas ganaderos, con beneficios económicos debido a la reducción del uso de agroquímicos. Se sugiere mayor investigación para corroborar si estos resultados operan a nivel nacional. 

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Cómo citar

APA

Giraldo-Echeverri, C., Montoya-Molina, S., Montoya-Lerma, J., Chará, J. & Escobar, F. (2024). Is Digitonthophagus gazella undergoing a naturalization process? A study case in a tropical dry forest of northern Colombia. Caldasia, 46(3), 603–615. https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v46n3.105526

ACM

[1]
Giraldo-Echeverri, C., Montoya-Molina, S., Montoya-Lerma, J., Chará, J. y Escobar, F. 2024. Is Digitonthophagus gazella undergoing a naturalization process? A study case in a tropical dry forest of northern Colombia. Caldasia. 46, 3 (may 2024), 603–615. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v46n3.105526.

ACS

(1)
Giraldo-Echeverri, C.; Montoya-Molina, S.; Montoya-Lerma, J.; Chará, J.; Escobar, F. Is Digitonthophagus gazella undergoing a naturalization process? A study case in a tropical dry forest of northern Colombia. Caldasia 2024, 46, 603-615.

ABNT

GIRALDO-ECHEVERRI, C.; MONTOYA-MOLINA, S.; MONTOYA-LERMA, J.; CHARÁ, J.; ESCOBAR, F. Is Digitonthophagus gazella undergoing a naturalization process? A study case in a tropical dry forest of northern Colombia. Caldasia, [S. l.], v. 46, n. 3, p. 603–615, 2024. DOI: 10.15446/caldasia.v46n3.105526. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/cal/article/view/105526. Acesso em: 27 dic. 2025.

Chicago

Giraldo-Echeverri, Carolina, Santiago Montoya-Molina, James Montoya-Lerma, Julián Chará, y Federico Escobar. 2024. «Is Digitonthophagus gazella undergoing a naturalization process? A study case in a tropical dry forest of northern Colombia». Caldasia 46 (3):603-15. https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v46n3.105526.

Harvard

Giraldo-Echeverri, C., Montoya-Molina, S., Montoya-Lerma, J., Chará, J. y Escobar, F. (2024) «Is Digitonthophagus gazella undergoing a naturalization process? A study case in a tropical dry forest of northern Colombia», Caldasia, 46(3), pp. 603–615. doi: 10.15446/caldasia.v46n3.105526.

IEEE

[1]
C. Giraldo-Echeverri, S. Montoya-Molina, J. Montoya-Lerma, J. Chará, y F. Escobar, «Is Digitonthophagus gazella undergoing a naturalization process? A study case in a tropical dry forest of northern Colombia», Caldasia, vol. 46, n.º 3, pp. 603–615, may 2024.

MLA

Giraldo-Echeverri, C., S. Montoya-Molina, J. Montoya-Lerma, J. Chará, y F. Escobar. «Is Digitonthophagus gazella undergoing a naturalization process? A study case in a tropical dry forest of northern Colombia». Caldasia, vol. 46, n.º 3, mayo de 2024, pp. 603-15, doi:10.15446/caldasia.v46n3.105526.

Turabian

Giraldo-Echeverri, Carolina, Santiago Montoya-Molina, James Montoya-Lerma, Julián Chará, y Federico Escobar. «Is Digitonthophagus gazella undergoing a naturalization process? A study case in a tropical dry forest of northern Colombia». Caldasia 46, no. 3 (mayo 10, 2024): 603–615. Accedido diciembre 27, 2025. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/cal/article/view/105526.

Vancouver

1.
Giraldo-Echeverri C, Montoya-Molina S, Montoya-Lerma J, Chará J, Escobar F. Is Digitonthophagus gazella undergoing a naturalization process? A study case in a tropical dry forest of northern Colombia. Caldasia [Internet]. 10 de mayo de 2024 [citado 27 de diciembre de 2025];46(3):603-15. Disponible en: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/cal/article/view/105526

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