Publicado

2017-01-01

Variación en los restos de macrofósiles y dinámica reciente en turberas de Cojines de Distichia Muscoides de la Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Colombia

Changes in macrofossil distribution and recent dinamics of Distichia muscoides peatlands in the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Colombia

Palabras clave:

Andes, cambio climático, plantas en cojines (es)
Andes, climate change, cushion plants, peatlands. (en)

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Autores/as

  • Margarita María Valderrama Departamento de Biología, Universidad EAFIT, Medellín-Colombia.
  • Daniela Buitrago Departamento de Biología, Universidad EAFIT, Medellín-Colombia.
  • María Margarita Bedoya Departamento de Biología, Universidad EAFIT, Medellín-Colombia.
  • Juan C. Benavides Departamento de Ecología y Territorio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá.

Las turberas son ecosistemas de humedal acumuladores de materia orgánica con inundación permanente lo que los hace una reserva y sumidero de carbono. Las turberas ubicadas en los páramos ayudan a mantener el balance hídrico de los ecosistemas alrededor y regulan la distribución del agua usada por comunidades humanas. Actualmente, las turberas son afectadas por el cambio climático, el cual desequilibra el balance entre la producción de material vegetal y la descomposición. Las turberas dominadas por Distichia muscoides son particularmente importantes por su dependencia con la hidrología glaciar. El presente artículo expone una reconstrucción climática de los últimos 200 años, mediante el reconocimiento de la sucesión vegetal registrada en dos núcleos de turberas, ubicados en la Sierra Nevada del Cocuy. La vegetación reconstruida fue comparada con registros históricos de temperatura y precipitación. Nuestros resultados muestran diferencias en las trayectorias de la vegetación, con un aumento en la producción vegetal y dominancia de D. muscoides en las últimas dos décadas, relacionado con incrementos en temperatura. El balance hídrico positivo generado por el aumento global en la temperatura trae como resultado la abundancia de plantas vasculares para la turbera. El efecto del Niño de 1998 se ve reflejado en un cambio importante en las trayectorias de la vegetación de los dos sitios hacia turberas dominadas por musgos diferentes a Sphagnum que limitan la capacidad de la turbera de almacenar materia orgánica. Los efectos del cambio climático se ven multiplicados por fenómenos como la anomalía del Niño que pueden alterar la evolución de un ecosistema rápidamente, incluso de aquellos ecosistemas con alta resiliencia como las turberas. 

Peatlands are permanently flooded wetland ecosystems that accumulate organic matter, which is what makes them carbon sinks and resevoirs. Peatlands that are located in páramos help to maintain water balance in surrounding ecosystems and regulate the distribution of the water used by human communities. Currently, peatlands are affected by climate change, which disrupts the balance between plant production and decomposition. Peatlands dominated by Distichia muscoides are particularly important since they depend on glacial hydrology. This paper presents a climatic reconstruction over the last 200 years, based on the vegetation succession history recorded in core samples from two peatlands located in the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy. The reconstructed vegetation was compared with historical records of temperature and precipitation. Our results showed differences in the trajectories followed by the vegetation, with an increase in plant production and dominance of D. muscoides over the last two decades related to increases in temperature. The positive water balance generated by the global increase in temperature and glacial melting results in an abundance of vascular plants in the turbera. The effect of the El Niño event of 1998 is reflected in a major change in the trajectories of the vegetation at the two sites, with Sphagnum peat being replaced by peat formed from different mosses, limiting the ability of the peatland to store organic matter. The effects of climate change are multiplied by phenomena such as El Niño that can rapidly alter the evolution of an ecosystem, even one as highly resilient as peatlands.

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Cómo citar

Variación en los restos de macrofósiles y dinámica reciente en turberas de Cojines de Distichia Muscoides de la Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Colombia. (2017). Caldasia, 39(1), 79-90. https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v39n1.64327