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Effect of landscape modification on primate assemblages of the Magdalena River Valley, Colombia
Efecto de la modificación del paisaje sobre el ensamblaje de primates en el valle del río Magdalena, Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v43n2.84845Palabras clave:
New World monkeys, habitat transformation, relative abundance (en)Primates del nuevo mundo, transformación de hábitat, abundancia relativa (es)
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Population and community dynamics are affected by local landscape disturbances, and the answer of each species to these changes could differentially affect species survival. Natural land cover in the Magdalena River valley, Colombia, has been reduced by almost 70 % and fragmented. There inhabit isolated and reduced populations of Alouatta seniculus, Ateles hybridus, Cebus versicolor, and Saguinus leucopus (Primates). To understand the effect of fragmentation over these species, the relationship between altitude, landscape and class metrics, and plant structure and diversity with the population density of these four primates in 20 localities were assessed. Additionally, the relationship between the density of A. hybridus, assumed as a better competitor, and the density of the other primates was assessed. Mean shape index was the most related variable and affected positively the density of A. hybridus, C. versicolor, and S. leucopus and negatively that of A. seniculus. Weight class index was the second more important variable, the four primates increased their density where more mature is the plant cover. Diameter at breast height was positively related with the density of A. hybridus and C. versicolor, negatively related for A. seniculus and not related to S. leucopus density. Tree density was related negatively with the density of A. seniculus and positively with S. leucopus. A. hybridus was related to the density of the other primates, positively to A. seniculus and negatively to the other two species.
Las dinámicas poblacionales y de las comunidades son afectadas por disturbios en paisajes locales, y las respuestas de cada especie a esos cambios podrían afectar diferencialmente su sobrevivencia. La cobertura vegetal natural en el valle del río Magdalena en Colombia ha sido reducida casi en un 70 % y está fragmentada. En este paisaje habitan en poblaciones reducidas y aisladas Alouatta seniculus, Ateles hybridus, Cebus versicolor y Saguinus leucopus. Para evaluar el efecto de la fragmentación sobre estas especies se evaluó la relación de altitud, métricas de paisaje y clase, y estructura y diversidad de plantas con la densidad poblacional de los cuatro primates en 20 localidades. Adicionalmente, se evaluó la relación entre la densidad de A. hybridus, asumiéndolo como mejor competidor, con la de los otros primates. El índice medio de forma fue la variable más relacionada con la densidad y afectó positivamente a A. hybridus, C. versicolor y S. leucopus y negativamente a A. seniculus. El índice ponderado de coberturas fue la segunda, los cuatro primates incrementan la densidad cuando más madura es la cobertura vegetal. El diámetro a la altura del pecho estuvo relacionado positivamente con la densidad de A. hybridus y C. versicolor, negativamente con A. seniculus y no tuvo efecto para S. leucopus. La densidad de árboles estuvo relacionada negativamente con la densidad de A. seniculus y positivamente con la de S. leucopus. La densidad de A. hybridus resultó relacionada positivamente con A. seniculus y negativamente con las otras dos especies.
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