Contribución al conocimiento de las interacciones entre plantas, hormigas y homópteros en bosques secos de Colombia
Keywords:
bosque seco tropical, interacciones planta-hormiga, plantas, hormigas, homópteros (es)ant-plant interactions, tropical dry forest (en)
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Las interacciones entre plantas y hormigas y entre plantas, hormigas y homópteros se estudiaron en 248 estaciones de muestreo situadas en nueve fragmentos de bosque seco del valle geográfico del río Cauca, entre enero y junio de 1997. Se registraron 352 interacciones que involucran 91 especies vegetales, hormigas de 67 especies y homópteros pertenecientes a nueve familias. El 4 7% de las asociaciones registradas implica el uso por parte de las hormigas de diferentes estructuras de las plantas (p. e. raíces de las epífitas, domacios en los tallos, hojarasca acumulada entre ramas y hojas, brácteas y peciolos de Heliconia spp.) como refugios temporales o sitios de anidamiento. El restante 53% involucra la recolección de miel de homópteros y de sustancias azucaradas en nectarios extraflorales. asmannia auropunctata (17%), Dolichoderus bispinosus (11%) Y Brachymyrmex heeri (7%) fueron las especies de hormigas registradas con mayor frecuencia. Las plantas más utilizadas fueron Heliconia stricta (8%), Philodendron sp. nov. (7%) y Passiflora coriacea (5%). Entre las relaciones observadas, predominan las de tipo generalista, en que las hormigas explotan diferentes recursos aparentemente en forma oportunista y las plantas pueden encontrarse en buen estado a pesar de la ausencia de las hormigas.
Interactions between ants and plants and those involving homopterans were studied in 248 sampling points located within nine tropical decidous forest fragments in the Cauca river Valley, between january and june, 1997. A total of 352 interactions were recorded involving 91 plant species, 67 ant species and Homoptera belonging to nine families. 47% ofthe interactions involved ants using different plant structures (such as epiphyte roots, domacia, litter collected in branches and leaves, bracts and petioles of Heliconia spp.) as nesting sites or temporary refugia. The remaining 53% involved the collection of homopteran honeydew and sugary substances from extrafloral nectaries. Wasmannia auropunctata (17%), Dolichoderus bispinosus (11 %) and Brachymyrmex heeri (7%) were the most frequently recorded ant species. Heliconia stricta (8%), Philodendron sp. nov. (7%) and Passiflora coriacea (5%) were the most heavily used plant resources. Predominant relations could be described as generalist, in which ants exploited different plant resources opportunistically and plants appeared to be healthy even without their ant occupants.
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