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Similitud de la ficoflora marina en zonas del Atlántico Occidental Tropical y Subtropical
Similarity of the marine phycoflora in zones of the Tropical and Subtropical Western Atlantic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v42n1.73372Keywords:
Biogeografía, Chlorophyta, ficología, macroalgas, Ochrophyta, Rhodophyta (es)Biogeography, Chlorophyta, macroalgae, Ochrophyta, Phycology, Rhodophyta (en)
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Las macroalgas constituyen un componente muy importante de la biodiversidad marina por su papel en los ecosistemas marino-costeros como productores primarios, competidores por recursos y bioindicadores de problemas ambientales. El conocimiento de los taxones autóctonos permite vigilar la entrada de especies exóticas e invasoras. Este trabajo surge de la necesidad de actualizar las similitudes de la ficoflora marina, del Atlántico Occidental Tropical y Subtropical, ante los avances del conocimiento de nuevos taxones en los últimos años. Para analizar las diferencias en el área, el Atlántico Occidental Tropical y Subtropical se subdividió en 17 zonas. Hasta el momento, se inventariaron 1615 taxones infragenéricos, de los cuales, 368 pertenecen al phylum Chlorophyta, 1050 a Rhodophyta y 197 a la clase Phaeophyceae del phylum Ochrophyta. De ellos, solo 65 se encontraron en las 17 zonas, mientras que 516 fueron registradas en una sola. Los análisis multivariados realizados con todas las especies separan la zona compuesta por Carolina del Norte + Carolina del Sur + Georgia de las demás; las rodofíceas presentan el menor grado de similitud entre las zonas, de modo que quedan más alejadas Bermudas, el Norte del Golfo, Bahamas y Brasil de forma individual, mientras que Jamaica, la Española y Antillas Holandesas + Trinidad-Tobago forman un grupo separado. La región presenta en general una alta similitud en la composición de macroalgas, fundamentalmente en un núcleo central que incluye todo el Caribe, el sur del golfo de México y la Florida.
Macroalgae are an important component of marine biodiversity for its role in coastal-marine ecosystems as primary producers, competitors for resources, and bioindicators of environmental problems. Knowing native taxa allows watching on foreigner and invasive species. This work arises from the need of updating the similarities of marine macroalgae of the Tropical and Subtropical Western Atlantic, due to the advances in the knowledge of new taxa in the last years. For this analysis, the Tropical and Subtropical Western Atlantic was subdivided into 17 zones. A total of 1615 infrageneric taxa were inventoried so far, of which 368 belong to the phylum Chlorophyta, 1050 to Rhodophyta, and 197 to the class Phaeophyceae of the phylum Ochrophyta. From them, only 65 were found in all zones, while 516 were registered in only one. Multivariate analyses with all the species indicate the separation of North Carolina + South Carolina + Georgia zone from the rest; rhodophyceans present the lower similarity among zones, being Bermuda, Northern Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas, and Brazil more separated indivi-dually, while Jamaica, Hispaniola, and Dutch Antilles + Trinidad-Tobago from a distanced group. The region has a high similarity in the composition of macroalgae, mainly from a central core that includes the whole Caribbean, the south of the Gulf of Mexico and Florida.
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