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Estructura de un ensamble de anuros del Chaco Serrano de Argentina
Structure of an anuran assembly from Chaco Serrano of Argentina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v44n1.82155Keywords:
Rhinella arenarum arenarum, Pleurodema tucumanum, Leptodactylus latrans, Abundancia de especies (es)Rhinella arenarum arenarum, Pleurodema tucumanum, Leptodactylus latrans, species abundance (en)
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La abundancia como parámetro demográfico es un elemento importante de la dinámica poblacional, permitiendo hacer comparaciones espacio-temporales y evaluar estado de salud de las especies. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron conocer la estructura temporal de un ensamble de anuros del Chaco Serrano en el centro-oeste de Argentina e identificar la influencia de factores climáticos sobre esos parámetros. Se realizaron 14 muestreos desde octubre de 2012 a febrero de 2015, agrupándose en estaciones seca y lluviosa. La abundancia de especies se analizó mediante: 1) abundancias medias, con análisis de varianza factorial y 2) proporciones, como frecuencias de ocurrencia, a partir de pruebas Chi cuadrado. Se realizó un análisis de redundancia relacionando la abundancia, estaciones, y variables ambientales. En ambas estaciones Rhinella arenarum arenarum fue la especie más abundante, seguida por Pleurodema tucumanum y Leptodactylus latrans. Se hallaron diferencias significativas en la abundancia, entre estaciones y sexos, existiendo interacciones significativas entre estos factores. En la estación seca R. arenarum arenarum y L. latrans presentaron diferencias en las proporciones de sexos, mientras que en la estación lluviosa solo P. tucumanum exhibió diferentes frecuencias de ocurrencia entre machos y hembras. La temperatura mínima y las precipitaciones influyeron significativamente en la abundancia de P. tucumanum. No se encontraron influencias climáticas para las otras especies. Los resultados de esta investigación contribuyen a entender la estructura de ensamblajes de anuros del Chaco, sugiriendo que las poblaciones son fluctuantes en el tiempo y que pueden depender, en algunas especies, de factores abióticos como temperatura y precipitaciones.
Abundance as a demographic parameter is an important part of population dynamics, allowing space-time comparisons and evaluating the health status of species. This work aimed to know the temporal structure of an anuran assembly of Chaco Serrano in central-western Argentina and to identify the influence of climatic factors on those parameters. 14 samplings were carried out from October 2012 to February 2015. Samplings were grouped into dry and rainy seasons. The abundance of each species was analyzed by: 1) mean abundances, with factorial analysis of variance and 2) proportions, as frequencies of occurrence, from Chi-square tests. Redundancy analysis was performed to relate abundance, seasons, and environmental variables. In both seasons Rhinella arenarum arenarum was the most abundant species, followed by Pleurodema tucumanum and Leptodactylus latrans. Significant differences were found in species abundance, between seasons, and between sexes, with significant interactions between these factors. In the dry season, R. arenarum arenarum and L. latrans showed differences in sex ratios, whereas in the rainy season only P. tucumanum exhibited different frequencies between males and females. The minimum temperature and the rainfall proved to be significant variables in P. tucumanum abundance. No climatic influences were found for the other species. The results of this research contribute to understanding the Chaco anuran assemblage structure, suggesting that populations fluctuate over time and it may depend, in some species, on abiotic factors such as temperature and rainfall.
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