![](https://revistas.unal.edu.co/public/journals/67/submission_84870_67937_coverImage_en_US.png)
Published
Análisis de dieta y variación temporal de las redes de interacción mutualista de murciélagos frugívoros del nororiente de la amazonia de Colombia
Diet analysis and temporary variation of bat mutualistic networks in the northeast Colombian Amazonia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v44n2.84870Keywords:
Anidamiento, mutualismo, Neotrópico, robustez, modularidad (es)mutualism, nestedness, Neotropics, modularity, robustness (en)
Downloads
Additional Files
El estudio de las redes de interacción mutualista es fundamental porque permite conocer las especies que se relacionan al considerar los análisis de sus dietas y al evaluar el efecto de las perturbaciones de un ecosistema. Para una reserva es importante reconocer estos fenómenos, pues evidencian si los esfuerzos de conservación han sido efectivos. Este trabajo se desarrolló en los años 2014 y 2017 en la vereda Playa Güío del municipio de San José el Guaviare, Colombia. Para conocer la amplitud del nicho y el solapamiento de dietas se calculó el índice de Levins y el índice de Morisita respectivamente. Usando la modularidad, la robustez y el anidamiento (NODF), se analizaron las redes de interacción. Se registraron 18 especies de murciélagos frugívoros y 20 especies de plantas pertenecientes a las familias Piperaceae, Urticaceae, Moraceae, Hypericaceae y Solanaceae. El índice de Levins demostró que las especies de murciélagos prefieren un recurso, mientras que el índice de Morisita evidencia un traslape en las especies frugívoras nómadas y las sedentarias. El anidamiento y la robustez disminuyeron en 2017 ya que aumentó el número de especies, mientras que la modularidad aumentó. La vereda Playa Güío mantiene una red de interacción con especies generalistas asociadas a procesos de regeneración natural importantes para los objetivos de conservación de la reserva, además, las métricas calculadas indican que esta red de interacción mutualista es estable y se puede mantener en el tiempo.
The study of mutualistic networks is fundamental to know which species are related, taking into account dietary analysis, and to evaluate the effect of the disturbances on the species of an ecosystem. To a reserve the knowledge of this phenomenon provides information about the outcomes of its conservation efforts. This work was developed in 2014 and 2017 in the county Playa Güío in San José del Guaviare, Colombia. The Levins’ index and the Morisita index were calculated to know the breadth of the niche and the overlapping of diets of the frugivorous bats respectively. Interaction networks were studied by estimating the modularity, robustness and nestedness (NODF). We registered 18 species of fruit bats and 20 species of plants belonging to the families Piperaceae, Urticaceae, Moraceae, Hypericaceae, and Solanaceae. The Levins’ index showed that bat species prefer a resource over others, while the Morisita index shows an overlap within nomadic and sedentary bats. The nestedness and robustness of the mutualistic network decreased in 2017 as the number of bat species with few interactions increased, but modularity increased. The county Playa Güío maintains an interaction network with generalist species associated with natural regenerations processes, important for the conservation objectives of the reserve, moreover, the measurements indicate that the interaction network is stable and can persist over time.
References
Almeida-Neto M, Guimarães P, Guimarães Jr RJ, Loyota RD, Ulrich W. 2008. A consistent metric for nestedness analysis in ecological systems: reconciling concept and measurement. Oikos 117(8):1227–1239. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16644.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16644.x
Aroca AK, González LA, Hurtado MA, Murillo-García OE. 2016. Diet Preference in Frugivorous Bats (Phyllostomidae) within a Fragment of Dry Tropical Forest. Rev. de Cienc. 20(2):139–146. doi: https://doi.org/10.25100/rc.v20i2.4607 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25100/rc.v20i2.4607
Bascompte J, Jordano P. 2006. The structure of plant–animal mutualistic networks. En: Pascual M, Dunne JA, editores. Ecological Networks: Linking Structure to Dynamics in Food Webs. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 143-159.
Bascompte J. 2007. Networks in ecology. Basic. Appl. Ecol. 8(6):485–490. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2007.06.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2007.06.003
Bascompte J, Jordano P, Melián CJ, Olesen JM. 2003. The nested assembly of plant-animal mutualistic networks. PNAS. 100(16):9383–9387. doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1633576100 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1633576100
Bolaños-Arrieta N. 2013. Diversidad , riqueza y abundancia de especies de murciélagos en el Corredor Biológico Regional Nogal – La Selva. [Tesis]. [Montes de Oca]: Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, Universidad de Costa Rica.
Boucher DH, James S, Keeler KH. 1982. The ecology of mutualism. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 13:315–347. doi: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.13.110182.001531 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.13.110182.001531
Bronstein JL. 1994. Conditional outcomes in mutualistic interactions. Trends. Ecol. Evol. 9(6):214–217. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(94)90246-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(94)90246-1
Burgos E, Ceva H, Perazzo RPJ, Devoto M, Medan D, Zimmermann M, Delbue AM. 2007. Why nestedness in mutualistic networks? J. Theor. Biol. 249(2):307–313. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.07.030 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.07.030
Calonge-Camargo BH. 2009. Dieta y estructura trófica del ensamblaje de murciélagos en un sistema de ganadería extensiva en remanentes de bosque seco tropical en Córdoba (Colombia). [Tesis]. [Bogotá]: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana.
Castaño Salazar JH. 2009. Murciélagos Frugívoros y Plantas Quiropterocoras: Descubriendo la Estructura de sus Interacciones Mutualistas en una Selva Semi-Caducifolia. [Tesis]. [Mérida]: Universidad de los Andes.
Charles-Dominique P. 1986. Inter-relations between frugivorous vertebrates and pioneer plants: Cecropia, birds and bats in French Guyana. En: Estrada A, Fleming TH, editores. Frugivores and Seed Dispersal. Dordrecht: Dr. W. Junk Publishers. p. 119-135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4812-9_12
Colwell RK. 2013. EstimateS: statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples. Version 9.
COOEPLAG. c2021. Cooperativa Playa Güío. [Revisada en: 20 Mar 2021]. https://ecoturismoplayaguio.wordpress.com/cooperativa/
Díaz MM, Aguirre LF, Barquez RM. 2011. Clave de identificación de los murciélagos del cono sur de sudamérica (Argentina-Bolivia-Chile-Paraguay-Uruguay). Cochabamba: Centro de Estudios en Biología Teórica y Aplicada.
Dormann CF, Gruber B, Fründ J. 2008. Introducing the bipartite package: analyzing ecological networks. R. News 8:8-11.
Dunne JA, Williams RJ, Martinez ND. 2002. Food-web structure and network theory: The role of connectance and size. PNAS. 99(20):12917–12922. doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.192407699 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.192407699
Estrada-Villegas S, Perez-Torres J, Stevenson PR. 2010. Ensamblaje de murciélagos en un bosque subandino colombiano y análisis sobre la dieta de algunas especies. Mastozool. Neotrop. 17(1):31–41.
Fleming TH, Hooper ET, Wilson DE. 1972. Three Central American Bat Communities: Structure, Reproductive Cycles, and Movement Patterns. Ecology 53(4):556-569. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/1934771 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1934771
Fleming TH. 1986. Opportunism versus specialization: the evolution of feeding strategies in frugivorous bats. En: Estrada A, Fleming TH, editores. Frugivores and Seed Dispersal. Dordrecht: Dr. W. Junk Publishers. p. 105-118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4812-9_11
Galindo-González J. 1998. Dispersión de semillas por murciélagos: su importancia en la conservación y regeneración del bosque tropical. Acta. Zool. Mex. 73:57-74. doi: https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.1998.73731727 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.1998.73731727
Gardner AL. 2008. Mammals of South America, Volume I: Marsupials, xenarthrans, shrews and bats. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226282428.001.0001
Giannini NP, Kalko EKV. 2004. Trophic structure in a large assemblage of phyllostomid bats in Panama. Oikos 105(2):209-220. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12690.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12690.x
Hay ME, Parker JD, Burkepile DE, Caudill CC, Wilson AE, Hallinan ZP, Chequer AD. 2004. Mutualisms and aquatic community structure: The enemy of my enemy is my friend. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. S. 35:175–197. doi: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132357 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132357
IDEAM. 2005. Atlas Climatológico de Colombia. Bogotá: Imprenta Nacional de Colombia.
Jordano P, Bascompte J, Olesen JM. 2006. The ecological consequences of complex topology and nested structure in pollination webs. En: Waser N, Ollerton J, editores. Plant-pollinator interactions from specialization to generalization. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. p. 173–199.
Krebs CJ. 2013. Niche Measures And Resource Preferences. In: Ecological Methodology. California: Menlo park. p. 597-653.
Kunz TH, Parsons S, editores. 2009. Ecological and Behavioral Methods for the Study of Bats. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Linares ÉL, Moreno-Mosquera EA. 2010. Morfología de los frutiolos de Cecropia (Cecropiaceae) del pacífico Colombiano y su valor taxonómico en el estudio de dietas de murciélagos. Caldasia 32(2):275–287.
Lobova T, Mori S, Blanchard F, Peckham H, Charles-Dominique P. 2003. Cecropia as a food resource for bats in French Guiana and the significance of fruit structure in seed dispersal and longevity. Am. J. Bot. 90(3):388–403. doi: https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.90.3.388 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.90.3.388
Lobova T, Geiselman C, Mori S. 2009. Seed dispersal by bats in the neotropics. New York: The New York Botanical Garden Press.
Lou S, Yurrita CL. 2005. Análisis de nicho alimentario en la comunidad de Murciélagos frugívoros de Yaxhá, Petén, Guatemala. Acta. Zool. Mex. 21(1):83-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.2005.2112009
Marinho-Filho JS. 1991. The Coexistence of Two Frugivorous Bat Species and the Phenology of Their Food Plants in Brazil. J. Trop. Ecol. 7(1):59-67. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467400005083 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467400005083
Marquitti FMD, Guimaraes Jr PR, Pires MM, Bittencourt LF. 2014. MODULAR: software for the autonomous computation of modularity in large network sets. Ecography 37(3):221-224. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2013.00506.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2013.00506.x
Mello MAR, Oliveira Leiner N, Guimarães Jr PRJ, Jordano P. 2005. Size-based fruit selection of Calophyllum brasiliense (Clusiaceae) by bats of the genus Artibeus (Phyllostomidae) in a Restinga area, southeastern Brazil. Acta Chiropterol. 7(1):179–182. doi: https://doi.org/10.3161/1733-5329(2005)7[179:SFSOCB]2.0.CO;2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3161/1733-5329(2005)7[179:SFSOCB]2.0.CO;2
Mello MAR, Marquitti FMD, Guimarães Jr PR, Kalko EKV, Jordano P, Martínez de Aguiar MA. 2011. The Missing Part of Seed Dispersal Networks: Structure and Robustness of Bat-Fruit Interactions. PLOS ONE. 6(2): e17395. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017395 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017395
Mendoza Sáenz VH, Horváth A, Ruiz Montoya L, Escalona Segura G, Navarrete Gutiérrez DA. 2017. Patrones de diversidad de murciélagos en la Reserva de la Biosfera Selva el Ocote, Chiapas, México. Mastozool. Neotrop. 24(2):365-387.
Mitchell-Jones AJ, McLeish P, editores. 2004. The Bat Workers’ Manual. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee.
Montoya JM, Pimm SL, Solé RV. 2006. Ecological networks and their fragility. Nature 442:259–264. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04927 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04927
Mora-Beltrán C, López-Arévalo HF. 2018. Interactions between bats and floral resources in a premontane forest, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Therya 9(2):129–136. doi: https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-18-560 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-18-560
Moreno C. 2011. Métodos para medir la biodiversidad. Zaragoza: &T–Manuales y Tesis SEA.
Obando L. 2016. Efecto de la perturbación sobre redes mutualistas de murciélagos frugívoros en un bosque húmedo tropical. [Tesis]. [Cali]: Universidad del Valle.
Palacio RD, Valderrama-Ardila C, Kattan GH. 2016. Generalist Species Have a Central Role In a Highly Diverse Plant-Frugivore Network. Biotropica 48(3):349–355. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12290 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12290
Ramírez-Burbano MB, Stiles FG, González C, Amorim FW, Dalsgaard B, Maruyama PK. 2017. The role of the endemic and critically endangered Colorful Puffleg Eriocnemis mirabilis in plant-hummingbird networks of the Colombian Andes. Biotropica 49(4):555–564. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12442 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12442
Ríos-Blanco MC, Pérez-Torres J. 2015. Dieta de las especies dominantes del ensamblaje de murciélagos frugívoros en un bosque seco tropical (Colombia). Mastozool. Neotrop. 22(1):103–111.
RStudio Team. c2020. RStudio: Integrated Development for R. RStudio. http://www.rstudio.com/
Rudas A. 2009. Unidades ecogeográficas y su relación con la diversidad vegetal de la amazonia colombiana. [Tesis]. [Bogotá]: Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Soriano PJ. 2000. Functional structure of bat communities in Tropical Rainforests and Andean cloud forests. Ecotropicos 13(1):1-20
Suárez-Castro AF, Montenegro OL. 2015. Consumo de plantas pioneras por murciélagos frugívoros en una localidad de la orinoquía Colombiana. Mastozool. Neotrop. 22(1):125–139.
Thornthwaite C. 1948. An Approach toward a Rational Classification of Climate. Geographical Review. 38(1):55-94. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/210739 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/210739
Torres-Vásquez IH, P Saravia-Ruiz, CC Pusey-Rose & JH García-Concha. 2016. Semillas asociadas a la dieta de especies de murciélagos frugívoros en una Sabana Casmófita de la Serranía de la Macarena:1–12. Bogotá, Colombia: Informe final, Mastozoología general, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá.
Velazco PM, Gardner AL, Patterson BD. 2010. Systematics of the Platyrrhinus helleri species complex (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae), with descriptions of two new species. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 159(3):785–812. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00610.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00610.x
Wilson E, Reeder D, editores. 2005. Mammals Species of the World. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Zapata-Mesa N, Montoya-Bustamante S, Murillo-García OE. 2017. Temporal variation in bat-fruit interactions: Foraging strategies influence network structure over time. Acta Oecol. 85:9–17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2017.09.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2017.09.003
How to Cite
APA
ACM
ACS
ABNT
Chicago
Harvard
IEEE
MLA
Turabian
Vancouver
Download Citation
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Caldasia
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).