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Distribución de la colonización micorrízica en las raíces de la orquídea Neotropical Laelia furfuracea Lindl.
Distribution of mycorrhizal colonization in the roots of the Neotropical orchid Laelia furfuracea Lindl.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v46n2.96265Keywords:
Conservación, Orchidaceae, pelotones, epífita, edad de las raíces (es)Conservation, Orchidaceae, coils, root age, epiphytic (en)
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Laelia furfuracea Lindl., es una orquídea epífita endémica de México, de la cual no existen referencias sobre su interacción con los simbiontes micorrízicos orquidoides. Esta orquídea es recolectada en grandes cantidades, debido a la belleza de sus flores, por lo que existe el riesgo de una disminución dramática de sus poblaciones naturales. En este estudio se evaluó la frecuencia de colonización de las raíces y la influencia de los factores edad y cercanía con el centro del pseudobulbo de plantas recolectadas en un bosque de pino-encino, en Santa Catarina Estetla, Oaxaca, México. Las raíces se clasificaron por edades, jóvenes, maduras y senescentes, y cada una de ellas se dividió en tres segmentos: proximal, central y distal, respecto a la parte basal central del pseudobulbo. Se evaluaron 1650 cortes transversales, los cuales se montaron en portaobjetos y se tiñeron para su observación con microscopía óptica. Se observó que las raíces de la orquídea establecen micorrizas en sus células corticales. La frecuencia de colonización se registró en los segmentos de raíces maduras y el área distal de las raíces senescentes, con valores superiores a 30 %. En contraste, en el caso de las raíces jóvenes, la colonización micorrízica no superó el 1 %, independientemente del segmento evaluado. Este es el primer reporte que demuestra la colonización micorrízica en L. furfuracea y que la frecuencia de colonización es influenciada por la edad de las raíces y por su cercanía con la parte central del pseudobulbo de las plantas de esta especie.
Laelia furfuracea Lindl. is an epiphytic orchid endemic to Mexico, of which, so far, there is no information related to its interaction with orchid mycorrhizal symbionts. This orchid is collected in large quantities, due to the beauty of its flowers, so its natural populations are at risk of dramatic decline. In this study, the frequency of root colonization and the influence of two factors: age and proximity to the center of the plant pseudobulbs, collected in a pine-oak forest in Santa Catarina Estetla, Oaxaca, Mexico, were evaluated. The evaluated roots were classified by age as young, mature and senescent, and each of them was divided into three segments: proximal, central and distal, relative to the central basal part of the pseudobulb. One thousand six hundred and fifty cross-sections were evaluated, which were mounted on slides and stained for observation with optical microscopy. It was observed that orchid roots established mycorrhizae in their cortical cells. Colonization frequency was recorded in mature root segments and in the distal area of senescent roots, with values greater than 30%. In contrast, in the case of the young roots, the mycorrhizal colonization did not surpass 1%, regardless of the evaluated segments. This is the first report that demonstrates mycorrhizal colonization in L. furfuracea and that the frequency of mycorrhizal colonization was influenced by the root age and their proximity to the central part of the plant pseudobulbs.
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