![](https://revistas.unal.edu.co/public/journals/67/submission_99220_81429_coverImage_en_US.png)
Published
Feeding ecology, reproductive biology, and sexual dimorphism of Boana raniceps (Anura: Hylidae) in an area of Caatinga, northeastern Brazil
Ecología alimentaria, biología reproductiva y dimorfismo sexual de Boana raniceps (Anura: Hylidae) en un área de Caatinga, noreste de Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v46n1.99220Keywords:
Caatinga, Diet composition, Natural history, Reproductive biology, Sexual dimorphism (en)Biología reproductiva, Caatinga, Composición de la dieta, Dimorfismo sexual, Historia natural (es)
Downloads
The number of studies on the ecology of the genus Boana is vast in Brazilian biomes. Among the different species of this genus, B. raniceps is considered a common and widely distributed species. Despite this, only a few studies have explored the ecology of this species in the Caatinga biome. In this study we present information on the diet composition, reproduction, and sexual dimorphism of B. raniceps in the Caatinga biome, northeastern Brazil, providing additional information about the natural history of the species. We observed that B. raniceps has a generalist diet, consuming a great diversity of prey categories, but with a numerical and volumetric prevalence of Coleoptera. Interestingly, there was an ontogenetic and sexual variation in the diet, with the Relative Importance Index (RII) for each prey category differed between males, females, and juveniles. Females were found bearing mature eggs in both the rainy and dry seasons. The number of eggs carried by each female ranged from 153 to 3904. There was sexual dimorphism in body size, with females larger than males. However, size was not a limiting factor in fecundity. Here, we present new information on the natural history of B. raniceps and reinforce the need for further studies with widely distributed and known species. This is the first study to demonstrate ontogenetic and sexual variation in the diet of anurans of the genus Boana.
El número de estudios sobre la ecología del género Boana es enorme en todos los biomas brasileños. Sin embargo, los estudios sobre la dieta, la reproducción y el dimorfismo sexual de B. raniceps son escasos en el bioma de Caatinga. En este estudio presentamos información sobre la composición de la dieta, la reproducción y el dimorfismo sexual de B. raniceps en el bioma de Caatinga, noreste de Brasil, proporcionando información adicional sobre la historia natural de esta especie. Observamos que B. raniceps tiene una dieta generalista, que consume una gran diversidad de categorías de presas, pero con prevalencia numérica y volumétrica de Coleoptera. Curiosamente, hubo una variación ontogenética y sexual en la dieta, pues el Índice de Importancia Relativa (RII) para cada categoría difiere entre machos, hembras y juveniles. Se encontraron hembras con huevos maduros tanto en la estación lluviosa como en la seca. El número de huevos transportados por cada hembra osciló entre 153 y 3904. Hubo dimorfismo sexual en el tamaño, siendo las hembras más grandes que los machos. Sin embargo, el tamaño no fue un factor limitante de la fecundidad. Aquí, presentamos nueva información sobre la historia natural de B. raniceps y reforzamos la necesidad de realizar más estudios incluso con especies ampliamente distribuidas y conocidas. Este es el primer estudio que demuestra la variación ontogenética y sexual en la dieta de los anuros del género Boana.
References
Albuquerque UP, Araújo EL, El-Deir ACA, Lima ALA, Souto A, Bezerra BM, Ferraz EMN, Freire EMX, Sampaio EVSB, Las-Casas FMG, Moura GJB, Pereira GA, Melo JG, Ramos MA, Rodal MJN, Schiel N, Lyra-Neves RM, Alves RRN, Azevedo-Júnior SM, Telino-Júnior WR, Severi W. 2012. Caatinga revisited: ecology and conservation of an important seasonal dry forest. Sci. World J. 2012:1–18. doi: https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/205182 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/205182
Araújo FRRC, Bocchiglieri A, Holmes RM. 2007. Ecological aspects of the Hypsiboas albopunctatus (Anura, Hylidae) in central Brazil. Neotropic. Biol. Conserv. 2(3):165–169.
Arzabe C. 1999. Reproductive activity patterns of anurans in two different altitudinal sites within the Brazilian Caatinga. Rev. Bras. Zool. 16(3):851–864. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751999000300022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751999000300022
Bastos RP, Haddad CFB. 1995. Vocalizations and acoustic interactions in Hyla elegans (Anura, Hylidae) during the reproductive activity. Naturalia 20:165–176.
Blackburn DC, Moreau CS. 2006. Ontogenetic diet change in the arthroleptid frog Schoutedenella xenodactyloides. J. Herpetol. 40(3):388–394. doi: https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2006)40[388:ODCITA]2.0.CO;2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2006)40[388:ODCITA]2.0.CO;2
Bonnefond A, Courtois EA, Sueur J, Sugai LSM, Llusia D. 2020. Climatic breadth of calling behaviour in two widespread neotropical frogs: Insights from humidity extremes. Glob. Change Biol. 26(10):5431–5446. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15266 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15266
Brasileiro CA, Martins M, Sazima I. 2010. Feeding ecology of Thoropa taophora (Anura: Cycloramphidae) on a rocky seashore in southeastern Brazil. South Am. J. Herpetol. 5(3):181–188. doi: https://doi.org/10.2994/057.005.0303 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2994/057.005.0303
Cajade R, Marangoni F, Gangenova E. 2013. Age, body size and growth pattern of Argenteohyla siemersi pederseni (Anura: Hylidae) in northeastern Argentina. J. Nat. Hist. 47(3–4):237–251. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.743614 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.743614
Caldas FLS, da Silva BD, dos Santos, RA, De-Carvalho, CB, Santana, DO, Gomes FFA, Faria, RG. 2016. Autoecology of Phyllomedusa nordestina (Anura: Hylidae) in areas of the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest in the State of Sergipe, Brazil. North-West. J. Zool. 12(2):271–285.
Callefo MEV. 2002. Anfíbios. In: Auricchio P, Salomão MG, editors. Técnicas de coleta e preparação de vertebrados para fins científicos e didáticos. São Paulo: Instituto Pau Brasil. p. 45–74.
Colli GR, Accacio GM, Antonini Y, Constatino R, Franceschinelli EV, Laps RR, Scariot, A, Vieira, MV, Wiederhecker HC. 2003. A fragmentação dos ecossistemas e a biodiversidade brasileira: uma síntese. In: Rambaldi DM, Oliveira DAS, editors. Fragmentação de ecossistemas: causas, efeitos sobre a biodiversidade e recomendações de políticas públicas. Brasília: SBF/MMA. p. 317–324.
Costa-Pereira R, Araújo MS, Olivier RDS, Souza F, Rudolf VH. 2018. Prey limitation drives variation in allometric scaling of predator-prey interactions. Am. Nat. 192(4):39–49. doi: https://doi.org/10.1086/698726 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/698726
Crump ML, Scott Jr. NJ. 1994. Visual encounter surveys. In: Heyer WR, Donnelly MA, McDiarmid RW, Hayek LC, Foster MS, editors. Measuring and monitoring biological diversity: standard methods for amphibians. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 84–92.
Crump ML, Kaplan RH. 1979. Clutch energy partitioning of tropical tree frogs (Hylidae). Copeia 1979:626–635. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/1443869 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1443869
de Bastiani VIM, Cavasotto IE, Ferreira F, Lucas EM. 2016. Ecology and natural history of Hypsiboas curupi (Anura, Hylidae): An endemic amphibian to the southern Atlantic Forest. Neotrop. Biol. Conserv. 11(3):122–131. doi: https://doi.org/10.4013/nbc.2016.113.02 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4013/nbc.2016.113.02
de Oliveira M, Dalzochio MS, dos Santos NLPS, Tozetti AM. 2019. Prey selection by anurans in subtemperate swamps of the extreme south of Brazil. S. Am. J. Herpetol. 14(3):204–212. doi: https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-17-0005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-17-0005
Dias TM, Prado CPA, Bastos RP. 2021. Reprodutive ecology and territorial behavior of Boana goiana (Anura: Hylidae), a gladiador frog from the Brazilian Cerrado. Zoologia 38:1–12. doi: https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.38.e53004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.38.e53004
Diaz JA, Sugai JLMM, Ceron K, Moroti MDT, Santana DJ. 2020. Dietary selectivity and sexual size dimorphism of Chiasmocleis mehelyi (Anura: Microhylidae) in a Cerrado area of southwest Brazil. North-West. J. Zool. 16(2):166–171.
Duellman WE. 1970. Hylid frogs of Middle America. University of Kansas: Monographs of the Museum of Natural History. doi: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2835 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2835
Faraulo MS, Garcia C, Zina J. 2019. Vocalisations and reproductive pattern of Boana pombali (Caramaschi et al., 2004): a tree frog endemic to the Atlantic. Herpetol. Notes 12(10):1121–1131.
Freitas EB, De-Carvalho CB, Faria RG, Batista RDC, Batista CDC, Coelho WA, Bocchiglieri A. 2008. Ecological niche and aspects of the natural history of Phyllomedusa azurea (Anura: Hylidae, Phyllomedusinae) in the Cerrado of Central Brazil. Biota Neotrop. 8(4):101–110. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000400009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000400009
Freitas MA, Chaves MF, Dantas AP, Medeiros MS, Santos LCF, Dubeux MJM, Moura GJB. 2022. Boana albomarginata (Spix, 1824) (Anura: Hylidae) spermatogenesis in a highland Atlantic forest remnant in Pernambuco state, Northeastern Brazil. Rev. Nordestina Zool. 13(1):1–16.
Frost DR. 2023. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1. Electronic Database. [Last accessed: 27 mar 2023] https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. doi: https://doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001
Giasson LOM, Haddad CFB. 2007. Mate Choice and Reproductive Biology of Hypsiboas albomarginatus (Anura: Hylidae) in the Atlantic Forest, Southeastern Brazil. S. Am. J. Herpetol. 2(3):157–164. doi: https://doi.org/10.2994/1808-9798(2007)2[157:MCARBO]2.0.CO;2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2994/1808-9798(2007)2[157:MCARBO]2.0.CO;2
Guerra V, Andrade MS, de Andrade SP, Ramalho WP, Bastos RP. 2018. Defensive behaviour of Boana raniceps (Anura: Hylidae). Herpetol. Notes 11:433–436.
Guimarães LDA, Bastos RP. 2003. Vocalizações e interações acústicas em Hyla raniceps (Anura, Hylidae) durante a atividade reprodutiva. Iheringia Sér. Zool. 93(2):149–158. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212003000200005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212003000200005
Heyer WR, Rand AS, Cruz CAG, Peixoto OL, Nelson CE. 1990. Frogs of Boracéia. Arq. Zool. 31(4):231–410. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v31i4p231-410
Leite-Filho E, Vieira WLS, Santana GG, Eloi FJ, Mesquita DO. 2015. Structure of a Caatinga anuran assemblage in Northeastern Brazil. Neotrop. Biol. Conserv. 10(2):63–73. doi: https://doi.org/10.4013/nbc.2015.102.02 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4013/nbc.2015.102.02
Leite-Filho E, de Oliveira FA, Eloi FJ, Liberal CN, Lopes AO, Mesquita DO. 2017. Evolutionary and ecological factors influencing an anuran community structure in an Atlantic Rainforest urban Fragment. Copeia 105(1):64–74. doi: https://doi.org/10.1643/CH15-298 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1643/CH-15-298
Lima AP, Magnusson WE. 1998. Partitioning seasonal time: interactions among size, foraging activity and diet in leaf-litter frogs. Oecologia 116(1-2):259–266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050587 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050587
Lima, AP. 1998. The effects of size on the diets of six sympatric species of postmetamorphic litter anurans in Central Amazonia. J. Herpetol. 32(3):392–399. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/1565453 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1565453
Lima MSCS, Pederassi J, Souza CAS. 2013. Aspectos ecológicos da reprodução de Hypsiboas faber (Anura, Hylidae) na enseada de Sítio Forte, Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, Brasil. Comun. Sci. 4(2):195–202. doi: https://doi.org/10.14295/cs.v4i2.247
Lisboa EBF, de Moura GJB, de Melo IVC, de Andrade EVE, de Figuerêdo Júnior JM. 2011. Aspectos ecológicos de Hypsiboas semilineatus (Spix, 1824) (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) em fragmento de Mata Atlântica, nordeste do Brasil. Rev. Ibero-Am. Ciênc. Ambient. 2(1):21–30. doi: https://doi.org/10.6008/ESS2179-6858.2011.001.0002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.6008/ESS2179-6858.2011.001.0002
Magalhães RF, Garda AA, Marques NCS, Brandão RA. 2016. Sexual dimorphism and resource utilisation by the Veadeiros waterfall frog Bokermannohyla pseudopseudis (Anura: Hylidae). Salamandra 52(2):171–177.
Monnet JM, Cherry MI. 2002. Sexual size dimorphism in anurans. Proc. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 269(1507):2301–2307. doi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2170 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2170
Moroti MT Soares PT, Pedrozo M, Provete DB, Santana DJ. 2021. The effects of morphology, phylogeny and prey availability on trophic resource partitioning in an anuran community. Basic Appl. Ecol. 50:181–191. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2020.11.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2020.11.005
Moser CF, Farina RK, Dudczak AC, Tozetti AM, Lingnau R. 2022. Feeding ecology of endemic frogs of the Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil. An. Acad. Bras. Cienc. 94(2). doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220210282 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220210282
Moser CF, Oliveira M, Avila FR, Dutra–Araújo D, Farina RK, Tozetti AM. 2019. Diet and trophic niche overlap of Boana bischoffi and Boana marginata (Anura: Hylidae) in southern Brazil. Biota Neotrop. 19(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2018-0542 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2018-0542
Muniz KP, Giaretta AA, Silva WR, Facure KG. 2008. Auto–ecologia de Hypsiboas albopunctatus (Anura, Hylidae) em área de Cerrado no sudeste do Brasil. Iheringia Sér. Zool. 98(2):254–259. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212008000200014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212008000200014
Nascimento APB, Almeida A, Lantyer-Silva ASF, Zina J. 2015. Biologia reprodutiva de Hypsiboas crepitans (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae. Bol. Mus. Biol. Mello Leitão 37(3):271–291.
Otero M, Baraquet M, Pollo F, Grenat P, Salas N, Martino A. 2017. Sexual size dimorphism in relation to age and growth in Hypsiboas cordobae (Anura: Hylidae) from Córdoba, Argentina. Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. 12:141–148.
Oksanen J, Blanchet GF, Friendly M, Kindt R, Legendre P, McGlinn D, Minchin PR, O’Hara RB, Simpson GL, Solymos P, Stevens MHH, Szoecs E, Wagner, H, Barbour M, Bedward M, Bolker B, Borcard D, Carvalho G, Chirico M, De Caceres M, Durand S, Antoniazi E HB, FitzJohn R, Friendly M, Furneaux B, Hannigan G, O. Hill M, Lahti L, McGlinn D, Ouellette MH, Ribeiro E, Smith T, Stier A, Ter CJF, Weedon J. 2019. Vegan: Community Ecology Package. R package version 2.5-6. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan
Oliveira JCD, Oliveira JF, da Silva DF, Santana DJ, Silva SK, Chaves MF. 2018. Anuran composition in a Brazilian semi-arid environment with notes on reproductive activity. Neotrop. Biol. Conserv. 13(1):53–61. doi: https://doi.org/10.4013/nbc.2018.131.07 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4013/nbc.2018.131.07
Özdemir N, Altunışık A, Ergül T, Gül S, Tosunoğlu M, Cadeddu G, Giacoma C. 2012. Variation in body size and age structure among three Turkish populations of the treefrog Hyla arborea. Amphib-Reptil. 33(1):25–35. doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/156853811X619790 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/156853811X619790
Pacheco EO, Ferreira VG, Carvalho RMH. 2017. Diet of Boana albopunctata (Anura: Hylidae) in an Atlantic Forest fragment of southeastern Brazil. Phyllomedusa 16(1):57–62. doi: https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v16i1p57-62 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v16i1p57-62
Polis GA. 1984. Age structure component of niche width and intraspecific resource partitioning: can age-groups function as ecological species? Am. Nat. 123(4):541–564. https://doi.org/10.1086/284221 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/284221
Powell R, Parmelee JS, Rice MA, Smith DD. 1990. Ecological observations of Hemidactylus brookihaitianus Meerwath (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from Hispaniola. Caribb. J. Sci. 26:67–70.
Prado CPA, Haddad CFB. 2005. Size-fecundity relationships and reproductive investment in female frogs in the Pantanal, South-Western Brazil. Herpetol. J. 15(3):181–189.
Prado CPA, Uetanabaro M, Haddad CFB. 2005. Breeding activity patterns, reproductive modes, and habitat use by anurans (Amphibia) in a seasonal environment in the Pantanal, Brazil. Amphib. Reptil. 26(2):211–221. doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/1568538054253375 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/1568538054253375
Prado CPA, Uetanabaro M, Lopes FS. 2000. Reproductive strategies of Leptodactylus chaquensis and L. podicipinus in the Pantanal, Brazil. J. Herpetol. 34(1):135–139. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/1565249 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1565249
Protázio AS, Vieira MVSA, Braga HSN, Conceição LC, dos Santos UG, Ribeiro AC, Cruz SJ, Protázio AS. 2018. Relação de nicho espacial e alimentar entre Boana semilineata e Boana pombali (Anura: Hylidae) em fragmentos de Mata Atlântica no Nordeste da Bahia. Magistra 29(3-4):315–327.
R Core Team. 2020. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/
Reinke M, Deiques CH. 2010. Natural history of Hypsiboas leptolineatus (Anura: Hylidae) in Aparados da Serra National Park, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Neotrop. Biol. Conserv. 5(3):188–196. doi: https://doi.org/10.4013/nbc.2010.53.0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4013/nbc.2010.53.08
da Rosa ID, Canavero A, Maneyro R, Camargo A. 2011. Trophic niche variation and individual specialization in Hypsiboas pulchellus (Duméril and Bibron, 1841) (Anura, Hylidae) from Uruguay. S. Am J. Herpetol. 6(2):98–106. doi: https://doi.org/10.2994/057.006.0208 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2994/057.006.0208
Sabagh LT, Ferreira VL, Rocha CFD. 2010. Living together, sometimes feeding in a similar way: the case of the syntopic hylid frogs Hypsiboas raniceps and Scinax acuminatus (Anura: Hylidae) in the Pantanal of Miranda, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Braz. J. Biol. 70(4):955–959. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842010000500006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842010000500006
Schoener TW. 1986. Resource Partitioning. In: Kikkawa J, Anderson DJ, editors. Community Ecology: pattern and process. Boston: Blackwell Scientific. p. 91–126.
Scott Jr. NJ, Woodward BD. 1994. Standard techniques for inventory and monitoring: Surveys at Breeding Sites. In: Heyer WR, Donnelly MA, McDiarmid RW, Hayek LC, Foster MS, editors. Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity: Standard methods for amphibians. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 118–130.
Segalla MV, Berneck B, Canedo C, Caramaschii U, Cruz CAG, Garcia PCA, Grant T, Haddad CFB, Lourenço ACC, Mângia S, Mott T, Nascimento LB, Toledo LF, Werneck FP, Langone JA. 2021. List of Brazilian Amphibians. Herpetologia Brasileira 10(1):121–216. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4716176
Shine R. 1989. Ecological causes for the evolution of sexual dimorphism: a review of the evidence. Q. Rev. Biol. 64(4):419–461. doi: https://doi.org/10.1086/416458 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/416458
Sokal RR, Rolf FJ. 1995. Biometry: The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company.
Telles DOC, Vaz SAF, Menin M. 2013. Reproductive biology, size and diet of Hypsiboas cinerascens (Anura: Hylidae) in two urban forest fragments in Central Amazonia, Brazil. Phyllomedusa 12(1):69–76. doi: https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v12i1p69-76 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v12i1p69-76
Tozetti AM, Martins LS. 2019. Does body size affect the diet composition of a sand dune lizard? Insights from Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger, 1885. Herpetol. Notes 12:1211–1213.
Tupy GS, Cardoso GS, Vilanova-Júnior JL, de Souza RSP, Silva SV, Santos VGM, Rodrigues WS, Faria RG, Caldas FLS. 2021. Trophic ecology of Boana albomarginata and Boana pombali (Anura: Hylidae) during the dry season in the Serra de Itabaiana National Park, Northeast Brazil. North-West. J. Zool. 17(2):220–226.
Uetanabaro M, Prado CPA, Rodrigues DJ, Gordo M, Campos Z. 2008. Field guide to the anurans of the Pantanal and surrounding Cerrados. Cuiabá: Editora UFMS.
Vieira WLS, Arzabe C, Santana GG. 2007. Composição e distribuição espaço-temporal de anuros no Cariri paraibano, nordeste do Brazil. Oecol. Bras. 11(3):383–396. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2007.1103.08
Vignoli L, Bissattini AM, Luiselli L. 2017. Food partitioning and the evolution of non-randomly structured communities in tailed amphibians: A worldwide systematic review. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 120(1):489–502. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12906 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12906
Wells KD. 2007. The Ecology and Behavior of Amphibians. Chicago: University of Chicago press. doi: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226893334.001.0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226893334.001.0001
Woolbright LL. 1983. Sexual selection and size dimorphism in Anuran Amphibia. Am. Nat. 121(1):110–119. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/284042
How to Cite
APA
ACM
ACS
ABNT
Chicago
Harvard
IEEE
MLA
Turabian
Vancouver
Download Citation
License
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).