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Tamaño del fragmento de bosque y aislamiento: potenciales efectos sobre ensambles de escarabajos coprófagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Forest fragment size effects and isolation: potential effects on ensembles of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v45n3.99369Keywords:
aislamiento, biodiversidad, conectividad, conservación, deforestación (es)conservation biology, conectivity, deforestation, biodiversity, isolation (en)
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Aunque existe abundante información sobre los efectos nocivos de la fragmentación, muchos interrogantes persisten sobre el efecto del tamaño de los relictos de bosque sobre la fauna. Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de este factor sobre la diversidad, riqueza, biomasa y composición del ensamble de escarabajos coprófagos, se realizaron muestreos con trampas de caída cebadas con excremento humano en seis fragmentos de bosque con tamaños entre 13 y 231 ha en un paisaje andino. El relicto de bosque más grande mostró mayor biomasa y diversidad de escarabajos, mientras la abundancia fue mayor en fragmentos de tamaño intermedio. La abundancia de diez especies de las 39 observadas se correlacionó con el tamaño del fragmento y los grupos más sensibles según la biomasa son los escarabajos más pesados, mayores a 0,5 gramos de peso seco, y los de peso intermedio, entre 0,031 a 0,12 gr. Los índices de similitud muestran que todos los fragmentos contribuyen a la biodiversidad regional y cada uno alberga un ensamble distinto, lo que demuestra que la matriz de pasturas y rastrojos es una barrera difícil para la mayoría de las especies. Las dos especies de escarabajos más pesadas Oxysternon conspicillatum y Deltochilum gibossum aportan el 31% de la biomasa de los escarabajos y son afectadas por la reducción del fragmento de bosque lo que podría tener consecuencias negativas en las funciones ecológicas que desempeñan este grupo de insectos.
Although abundant information exists on the harmful effects of fragmentation, many questions remain about the effect of the size of forest remnants on wildlife. To evaluate this effect on the diversity, richness, biomass, and composition of the coprophagous beetle assemblage, six forest remnants were sampled, ranging in size from 13 to 231 ha, in the northeast of the department of Antioquia in Colombia with pitfall traps baited with human dung. The largest forest fragment has the highest values of beetle biomass and diversity, while abundance was highest in intermediate-sized fragments. The abundance of ten species of the 39 observed correlates with the size of the fragment and the groups most sensitive according to biomass are the heaviest beetles, greater than 0.5 grams of dry weight, and those of intermediate weight between 0.031 to 0.12. Similarity indices show that all fragments, contribute to regional biodiversity, and each one has a different assembly, showing that the matrix of pastures and regeneration of different ages is a difficult barrier for most beetle species. The two heaviest species of beetles, Oxysternon conspicillatum and Deltochilum gibossum, contribute 31% of the beetle biomass and are affected by the reduction of the forest fragment, which could have negative consequences on the ecological functions performed by this group of insects.
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