Publicado

2025-01-30

Towards a progressive economic development agenda for countries endowed with natural resources: Lessons from the rise and demise of the Bolivarian Revolution

Hacia una agenda progresista de desarrollo económico para países dotados de recursos naturales: lecciones del ascenso y caída de la Revolución Bolivariana

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/cuad.econ.v44n93.118277

Palabras clave:

Populism, Bolivarian Revolution, Civil Society, Natural Resources, Macroeconomic Policy (en)
Populismo, Revolución bolivariana, Sociedad civil, Recursos naturales, Política macroeconómica (es)

Archivos adicionales

Autores/as

  • Leonardo Vera Azaf Universidad Metropolitana-Venezuela

The purpose of this paper is to identify some of the new economic challenges faced by left-wing forces in Latin America, especially in countries endowed with natural resources. We propose a set of progressive policy responses to prevent the regional Left from repeating the missteps of the policy agenda followed by the so-called Bolivarian Revolution in Venezuela. We highlight the need to build an alternative based on what we call “progressive democratic development.” Our fundamental message is that the democratic Left has to overcome the misleading dichotomy that indicates that society is organized by the power of the state or the market. Instead prominence must be given to civil society. Several ideas are raised about how to work on the behalf of and lend prominence to civil society and the poorest segment of the population, particularly in the context of natural resource rich economies. The essay explores new formulas to manage mining and oil wealth, provide a social protection system to the growing informal sector, and to manage macroeconomic policy in a socially responsible manner.

El propósito de este artículo es identificar algunos de los nuevos desafíos económicos que enfrentan los movimientos de izquierda en América Latina, especialmente en los países dotados de recursos naturales. Proponemos un conjunto de respuestas de política de tipo progresista que eviten que la izquierda regional repita los errores marcados por la agenda de la llamada Revolución Bolivariana en Venezuela. Destacamos la necesidad de construir una alternativa basada en lo que llamamos «desarrollo democrático progresivo». Nuestro mensaje fundamental es que la izquierda democrática tiene que superar la dicotomía engañosa que indica que la sociedad está organizada por el poder del Estado o del mercado. En su lugar, esta debe dar prominencia a la sociedad civil. Se plantean varias ideas sobre cómo darle prominencia y trabajar para la sociedad civil así como para el segmento más pobre de la población, y lo hacemos particularmente en el contexto de economías ricas en recursos naturales. El artículo explora nuevas fórmulas para gestionar la riqueza minera y petrolera, para proporcionar un sistema de protección social al creciente sector informal y para gestionar la política macroeconómica de una manera socialmente responsable.

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Cómo citar

APA

Vera Azaf, L. . (2025). Towards a progressive economic development agenda for countries endowed with natural resources: Lessons from the rise and demise of the Bolivarian Revolution. Cuadernos de Economía, 44(93), 21–45. https://doi.org/10.15446/cuad.econ.v44n93.118277

ACM

[1]
Vera Azaf, L. 2025. Towards a progressive economic development agenda for countries endowed with natural resources: Lessons from the rise and demise of the Bolivarian Revolution. Cuadernos de Economía. 44, 93 (ene. 2025), 21–45. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/cuad.econ.v44n93.118277.

ACS

(1)
Vera Azaf, L. . Towards a progressive economic development agenda for countries endowed with natural resources: Lessons from the rise and demise of the Bolivarian Revolution. Cuad. econ 2025, 44, 21-45.

ABNT

VERA AZAF, L. . Towards a progressive economic development agenda for countries endowed with natural resources: Lessons from the rise and demise of the Bolivarian Revolution. Cuadernos de Economía, [S. l.], v. 44, n. 93, p. 21–45, 2025. DOI: 10.15446/cuad.econ.v44n93.118277. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ceconomia/article/view/118277. Acesso em: 6 mar. 2025.

Chicago

Vera Azaf, Leonardo. 2025. «Towards a progressive economic development agenda for countries endowed with natural resources: Lessons from the rise and demise of the Bolivarian Revolution». Cuadernos De Economía 44 (93):21-45. https://doi.org/10.15446/cuad.econ.v44n93.118277.

Harvard

Vera Azaf, L. . (2025) «Towards a progressive economic development agenda for countries endowed with natural resources: Lessons from the rise and demise of the Bolivarian Revolution», Cuadernos de Economía, 44(93), pp. 21–45. doi: 10.15446/cuad.econ.v44n93.118277.

IEEE

[1]
L. . Vera Azaf, «Towards a progressive economic development agenda for countries endowed with natural resources: Lessons from the rise and demise of the Bolivarian Revolution», Cuad. econ, vol. 44, n.º 93, pp. 21–45, ene. 2025.

MLA

Vera Azaf, L. . «Towards a progressive economic development agenda for countries endowed with natural resources: Lessons from the rise and demise of the Bolivarian Revolution». Cuadernos de Economía, vol. 44, n.º 93, enero de 2025, pp. 21-45, doi:10.15446/cuad.econ.v44n93.118277.

Turabian

Vera Azaf, Leonardo. «Towards a progressive economic development agenda for countries endowed with natural resources: Lessons from the rise and demise of the Bolivarian Revolution». Cuadernos de Economía 44, no. 93 (enero 30, 2025): 21–45. Accedido marzo 6, 2025. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ceconomia/article/view/118277.

Vancouver

1.
Vera Azaf L. Towards a progressive economic development agenda for countries endowed with natural resources: Lessons from the rise and demise of the Bolivarian Revolution. Cuad. econ [Internet]. 30 de enero de 2025 [citado 6 de marzo de 2025];44(93):21-45. Disponible en: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ceconomia/article/view/118277

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