The rise of the middle class in Ecuador during the oil boom
El crecimiento de la clase media en Ecuador durante el boom petrolero
O crescimento da classe média no Equador durante o boom petroleiro
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/cuad.econ.v36n72.65821Palabras clave:
Ecuador, middle class, inequality, commodities boom (en)Ecuador, clase media, inequidad, boom de commodities (es)
Equador, classe média, iniquidade, boom das commodities (pt)
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En este artículo analizamos la evolución de la clase media en Ecuador durante el boom de los commodities (2005-2015). Utilizando la definición de clase media propuesta por López-Calva y Ortiz-Juárez (2014) documentamos el gran crecimiento de la clase media, la cual se ha duplicado durante este periodo llegando a un pico de 37,4% de la población en 2015. Mostramos que tanto el crecimiento eco-nómico como la reducción de la desigualdad han cumplido un papel importante en esta dinámica, si bien el crecimiento es responsable de más de 3/4 del incremento de la clase media. Basándonos en un análisis de las condiciones macroeconómicas y del mercado laboral, argumentamos que la ralentización del crecimiento y de la reducción de la desigualdad ocurridas luego del final del boom de los commodities presenta un riesgo para el tamaño de la clase media, lo que constituye un serio reto para los hacedores de política.
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1. Diego F. Grijalva, Mary Lou Ponsetto, Yelitza Pontón. (2019). Does an oil boom promote firms’ R&D expenditure? Evidence from Ecuador. Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management, 18(2), p.171. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRJIAM-11-2018-0889.
2. Alexandra Serrano-Flores, Mario Melo Cevallos, Paola Peña Terán, Gabriela León Crespo. (2024). Beliefs Supporting Positive Attitudes Toward Corporal Punishment in Ecuadorian Middle-Class Households. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605241308293.
3. Ivan Gachet, Diego F. Grijalva, Paúl A. Ponce, Damián Rodríguez. (2019). Vertical and Horizontal Inequality in Ecuador: The Lack of Sustainability. Social Indicators Research, 145(3), p.861. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1810-2.
4. Valeria Ayala, Diego F. Grijalva, Paúl A. Ponce, Yelitza Pontón. (2018). Does firm innovation lead to high growth? Evidence from Ecuadorian firms. Cuadernos de Economía, 37(75), p.697. https://doi.org/10.15446/cuad.econ.v37n75.68621.
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