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Localización de instalaciones en logística humanitaria: una revisión de la literatura y consideraciones para futuras investigaciones
Facility location in humanitarian logistics: a literature review and considerations for future research
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v91n232.111818Keywords:
logística humanitaria; localización de instalaciones; desastres naturales (es)humanitarian logistics; facility location; natural disasters (en)
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La localización de instalaciones en la logística humanitaria es un problema crucial ya afecta directamente a la capacidad de respuesta, eficiencia en la distribución y al rendimiento de las operaciones de ayuda, este problema se caracteriza por la incertidumbre de la información, la velocidad en la reacción, la falta de recursos y la variabilidad del entorno haciendo que se generen nuevos modelos que se puedan ajustar a la realidad. En esta revisión de literatura se analizaron investigaciones publicadas entre los años 2020 y 2022. Con base en los estudios revisados, estos prefieren ajustarse a la realidad utilizando límites de capacidad, modelos estocásticos, ubicaciones no predefinidas, funciones de privación y multiobjetivo en emergencias generadas por desastres naturales. Finalmente se debe de considerar en futuras investigaciones: el tipo de temporalidad de la instalación, el enrutamiento con sus restricciones, el uso de modelos más robustos y el tamaño de las instalaciones.
The location of facilities in humanitarian logistics is a crucial problem as it directly affects the responsiveness, efficiency in distribution and performance of aid operations, this problem is characterized by uncertainty of information, speed of reaction, lack of resources and variability of the environment making it necessary to generate new models that can be adjusted to reality. In this literature review, research published between 2020 and 2022 was analyzed. Based on the studies reviewed, they prefer to adjust to reality using capacity limits, stochastic models, non-predefined locations, deprivation and multi-objective functions in emergencies generated by natural disasters. Finally, the following should be considered in future research: the type of temporality of the facility, the routing with its restrictions, the use of more robust models and the size of the facilities.
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