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Desarrollo de una Arquitectura IoT para monitoreo ambiental: integración de tecnologías de código abierto con proyección de aplicación en el sector minero
Development of an IoT architecture for environmental monitoring: integrating open source technologies with application projection in the mining sector
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v91n231.112093Keywords:
Internet de las cosas (Iot), párametros ambientales, código abierto (es)Internet of Things (IoT); environmental parameters; open source (en)
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Este trabajo detalla el diseño y la implementación de una arquitectura de Internet de las Cosas centrada en el monitoreo de temperatura y humedad. La selección estratégica de tecnologías, como Arduino, módulos LoRa, sensor DHT11 y el microcontrolador ESP32, constituye la base del sistema. Se destaca el empleo de Python Flask para desarrollar una interfaz de usuario en la aplicación web, asegurando así una experiencia de usuario fácil y accesible. Además, se enfatiza la implementación de algoritmos modulares y medidas de autenticación para mejorar la escalabilidad y seguridad del sistema. El artículo concluye resaltando los beneficios y la eficacia de la tecnología de código abierto en la adquisición, procesamiento y monitoreo de datos en diferentes escenarios de aplicación. Se proporcionan sugerencias para futuras mejoras, con especial atención a la expansión de la visualización de datos y la monitorización ambiental. Se abordan las limitaciones y ventajas del sistema, destacando su potencial aplicación en áreas remotas o con recursos limitados. Se espera que los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo puedan ser escalados a las diferentes etapas de un proyecto minero de pequeña y mediana escala en los que se requiere monitorear parámetros ambientales que oriente la toma de decisiones, como una metodología de trabajo que esté al alcance de pequeñas agremiaciones y explotación de recursos naturales de manera sostenible.
This work describes the design and implementation of an Internet of Things architecture that focuses on monitoring temperature and humidity. The system is based on the strategic selection of technologies, including Arduino, LoRa modules, DHT11 sensors, and ESP32 microcontrollers. Python Flask was used to develop a user interface for the web application, ensuring an easy and accessible user experience. Moreover, to enhance the scalability and security of the system, it is recommended to implement modular algorithms and authentication measures. The article concludes by emphasising the advantages and effectiveness of open source technology in data acquisition, processing, and monitoring across various application scenarios. Suggestions for future improvements are provided, with particular attention to expanding data visualisation and environmental monitoring. The limitations and advantages of the system are addressed, highlighting its potential application in remote or resource-limited areas. The results obtained in this work can be scaled to the different stages of a mining project in which environmental parameters must be monitored.
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