Published

2023-05-23

Estimation of the sediment thickness beneath the Southern Benue Trough in Nigeria by using gravity and borehole data

Estimación del espesor de sedimentos bajo el Valle de Benue en Nigeria con información gravitacional y de perforación

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v27n1.105459

Keywords:

Bouguer gravity maps, gravity inversion, sediment thickness, Regional-residual gravity separation, gravimetric interpretation (en)
mapa de anomalías gravimétricas de Bouguer, inversión gravitacional, espesor de sedimentos, separación gravitacional regional residual (es)

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Authors

  • Ojima Isaac Apeh Hong Kong Polytechnic University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5815-4262
  • Robert Tenzer Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
  • Luan Thanh Pham Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Vietnam
  • Zimuzo Hedinkpa Ozuah Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria

Mapping the sediment-basement morphology represents a crucial part of the geophysical exploration of oil, gas, and mineral resources. In this study, authors estimated the sediment thickness in the area covering the Southern Benue Trough in Nigeria and parts of the Cameroon Volcanic Line using a high-resolution tailored gravity model together with sediment and bedrock samples taken from 113 logged boreholes. A 3-D inversion of the residual gravity data is done by applying a recently developed time-efficient gravity inversion software to determine a 3-D depth structure of the basement relief after regional-residual gravity separation. The estimated depths of the sediment-basement based on a 3-D gravity data inversion are compared with the measured sediment thickness data from drilling profiles to optimally select the gravity inversion parameters, particularly the mean sediment depth, and density contrast. Our numerical result indicates that the sediment thickness within the Southern Benue Trough study area and parts of the Cameroon Volcanic Line vary from 0.8 to 5.5 km, with a prevailing southwest trend of increasing sediment thickness while decreasing eastward. This trend closely mimics the known geological structure of the study area and generally agrees with localized estimates of the sediment thickness from previous studies. Moreover, the Bouguer gravity map of the study area exhibits a spatial pattern that indicates an existence of a high-density material, which could have led to the shallowing of sediments over and along the Abakaliki Anticlinorium. Based on these findings, the authors argued that these magmatic structures could influence hydrothermal fluid migration and might have entrapped enough sediments suitable for the maturation of mineral resources over time.

Cartografiar la morfología de un basamento sedimentario representa una parte determinante en la exploración de recursos de petróleo, gas y minerales. En este estudio los autores midieron el espesor de los sedimentos en el sur del Valle de Benue en Nigeria y en partes de la Línea Volcánica de Camerún con un modelo gravitacional a medida de alta resolución y a partir de muestras sedimentarias y de lecho de roca tomadas en 113 pozos de perforación. Se realizó una inversión 3D de la información residual de gravedad al aplicar un software desarrollado recientemente de inversión gravitacional, eficiente en tiempo, para determinar tridimensionalmente la estructura profunda del basamento después de una separación regional residual gravitacional. Las profundidades estimadas de los sedimentos del basamento con base a la inversión gravitacional 3-D fueron comparadas con la información del espesor de los sedimentos relacionada en el perfil de perforación para seleccionar óptimamente los parámetros de inversión gravitacional, particularmente la media de la profundidad de los sedimentos y la densidad del contraste. Los resultados numéricos indican que el espesor de los sedimentos en el área de estudio del Valle de Benue y partes de la Línea Volcánica de Camerún varían desde 0.8 a 5.5 kms., con una tendencia en el suroeste donde se incrementa el espesor, mientras decrece hacia el este. Esta tendencia concuerda relativamente con la estructura geológica conocida del área de estudio y generalmente coincide con los estimados del espesor de los sedimentos de estudios previos. Además, el mapa de anomalías gravimétricas de Bouguer en el área de estudio presenta un patrón espacial que indica la existencia de un material de alta densidad, lo que podría haber llevado los sedimentos a niveles someros sobre y a lo largo del anticllinal de Abakaliki. Con base en estos hallazgos, los autores sostiene que estas estructuras magmáticas podrían influenciar la migración de fluidos hidrotermales y podrían haber encapsulado suficientes sedimentos apropiados para la maduración de recursos minerales.

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APA

Apeh, O. I., Tenzer, R., Pham, L. T. & Ozuah, Z. H. (2023). Estimation of the sediment thickness beneath the Southern Benue Trough in Nigeria by using gravity and borehole data. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 27(1), 47–57. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v27n1.105459

ACM

[1]
Apeh, O.I., Tenzer, R., Pham, L.T. and Ozuah, Z.H. 2023. Estimation of the sediment thickness beneath the Southern Benue Trough in Nigeria by using gravity and borehole data. Earth Sciences Research Journal. 27, 1 (May 2023), 47–57. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v27n1.105459.

ACS

(1)
Apeh, O. I.; Tenzer, R.; Pham, L. T.; Ozuah, Z. H. Estimation of the sediment thickness beneath the Southern Benue Trough in Nigeria by using gravity and borehole data. Earth sci. res. j. 2023, 27, 47-57.

ABNT

APEH, O. I.; TENZER, R.; PHAM, L. T.; OZUAH, Z. H. Estimation of the sediment thickness beneath the Southern Benue Trough in Nigeria by using gravity and borehole data. Earth Sciences Research Journal, [S. l.], v. 27, n. 1, p. 47–57, 2023. DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v27n1.105459. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/105459. Acesso em: 28 dec. 2025.

Chicago

Apeh, Ojima Isaac, Robert Tenzer, Luan Thanh Pham, and Zimuzo Hedinkpa Ozuah. 2023. “Estimation of the sediment thickness beneath the Southern Benue Trough in Nigeria by using gravity and borehole data”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 27 (1):47-57. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v27n1.105459.

Harvard

Apeh, O. I., Tenzer, R., Pham, L. T. and Ozuah, Z. H. (2023) “Estimation of the sediment thickness beneath the Southern Benue Trough in Nigeria by using gravity and borehole data”, Earth Sciences Research Journal, 27(1), pp. 47–57. doi: 10.15446/esrj.v27n1.105459.

IEEE

[1]
O. I. Apeh, R. Tenzer, L. T. Pham, and Z. H. Ozuah, “Estimation of the sediment thickness beneath the Southern Benue Trough in Nigeria by using gravity and borehole data”, Earth sci. res. j., vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 47–57, May 2023.

MLA

Apeh, O. I., R. Tenzer, L. T. Pham, and Z. H. Ozuah. “Estimation of the sediment thickness beneath the Southern Benue Trough in Nigeria by using gravity and borehole data”. Earth Sciences Research Journal, vol. 27, no. 1, May 2023, pp. 47-57, doi:10.15446/esrj.v27n1.105459.

Turabian

Apeh, Ojima Isaac, Robert Tenzer, Luan Thanh Pham, and Zimuzo Hedinkpa Ozuah. “Estimation of the sediment thickness beneath the Southern Benue Trough in Nigeria by using gravity and borehole data”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 27, no. 1 (May 23, 2023): 47–57. Accessed December 28, 2025. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/105459.

Vancouver

1.
Apeh OI, Tenzer R, Pham LT, Ozuah ZH. Estimation of the sediment thickness beneath the Southern Benue Trough in Nigeria by using gravity and borehole data. Earth sci. res. j. [Internet]. 2023 May 23 [cited 2025 Dec. 28];27(1):47-5. Available from: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/105459

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