Published

2025-02-13

Statistical approaches for the identification of the origin mineralization groundwaters: case of the Naama Region, Far West-Algeria

Enfoques estadísticos para la identificación del origen de las aguas subterráneas de mineralización: caso de la región Naama, extremo oeste de Argelia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v28n4.106550

Keywords:

Naama aquifers, Mineralization, Multivariate statistical analysis, Hydrochemistry, Pollution (en)
Acuíferos de Naama, Mineralización, Análisis estadístico multivariante, Hidroquímica, Contaminación (es)

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Authors

  • Abderrezzak Boudjema Laboratory n°25 Promotion of Water, Mineral and Soil Resources, Environmental Legislation and Technological Choices, University of Tlemcen, P.O. Box 119, Tlemcen 13000 Algeria
  • Sabrine Guettaia Laboratory n°25 Promotion of Water, Mineral and Soil Resources, Environmental Legislation and Technological Choices, University of Tlemcen, P.O. Box 119, Tlemcen 13000 Algeria
  • Abdessamed Derdour Artificial Intelligence Laboratory for Mechanical and Civil Structures, and Soil, University Center of Naama, P.O. Box 66, Naama 45000, Algeria
  • Nafaa Brinis Laboratory of Mobilization and Management of Water Resources (LMGRE), Department of Geology, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Batna 2, Algeria
  • Abdulrazak Almaliki Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia

Understanding the processes controlling groundwater mineralization is critical for preserving its quality and ensuring sustainable resource management, especially in regions like Naama, Algeria, which rely exclusively on groundwater. This resource faces severe overexploitation and high salinity due to climatic factors and increasing industrial, agricultural, and domestic demands, posing significant challenges to its long-term usability. Hydrochemical analyses, including graphical methods and multivariate statistical tools, were employed to investigate the groundwater chemistry and mechanisms influencing mineralization in the Naama region. The results revealed a relatively homogeneous distribution of groundwater samples, categorized into three hydrochemical groups. These groups are primarily dominated by calcium and magnesium chloride and sulfate waters, influenced by the geological characteristics of the region, such as gypsum-saline formations of the Upper Cretaceous and Triassic clay-gypsum-saline diapirs, and further impacted by inverse ion exchange processes. Group 1 is characterized by higher proportions of calcium and magnesium bicarbonate waters due to the dominance of carbonate formations from the Early Jurassic or Miocene, benefiting from more dynamic recharge zones. Groups 2 and 3 exhibit similar chemical compositions, but Group 3 is distinct for its restricted recharge zones and carbonate formations, leading to the emergence of calcium and magnesium bicarbonate waters. Recharge areas associated with carbonate formations were also vulnerable to anthropogenic pollution. These findings highlight the importance of implementing strict protection measures for sensitive recharge zones to ensure the preservation of this vital resource in the face of increasing environmental and human pressures.

Comprender los procesos que controlan la mineralización de las aguas subterráneas es crucial para preservar su calidad y garantizar una gestión sostenible del recurso, especialmente en regiones como Naama, Argelia, que dependen exclusivamente de este recurso. Las aguas subterráneas en esta región enfrentan una grave sobreexplotación y alta salinidad debido a factores climáticos y al aumento de la demanda industrial, agrícola y doméstica, lo que plantea importantes desafíos para su uso a largo plazo. En este trabajo se realizaron análisis hidroquímicos, incluidos métodos gráficos y herramientas estadísticas multivariantes, para investigar la química de las aguas subterráneas y los mecanismos que influyen en su mineralización en la región de Naama. Los resultados revelaron una distribución relativamente homogénea de las muestras, clasificadas en tres grupos hidroquímicos. Estos grupos están dominados principalmente por aguas de cloruros y sulfatos de calcio y magnesio, influenciadas por las características geológicas de la región, como las formaciones gipso-salinas del Cretácico Superior y los diapiros arcillo-gipso-salinos del Triásico, y afectadas además por procesos de intercambio iónico inverso. El Grupo 1 se caracteriza por una mayor proporción de aguas bicarbonatadas de calcio y magnesio debido al predominio de formaciones carbonatadas del Jurásico Temprano o del Mioceno, que se benefician de zonas de recarga más dinámicas. Los Grupos 2 y 3 muestran composiciones químicas similares, pero el Grupo 3 se distingue por sus zonas de recarga más restringidas y las formaciones carbonatadas, lo que conduce a la aparición de aguas bicarbonatadas de calcio y magnesio. También se encontró que las áreas de recarga asociadas con formaciones carbonatadas son vulnerables a la contaminación antropogénica. Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de implementar estrictas medidas de protección para las zonas de recarga sensibles, con el fin de garantizar la preservación de este recurso vital frente a las crecientes presiones ambientales y humanas.

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How to Cite

APA

Boudjema, A., Guettaia, S., Derdour, A., Brinis, N. and Almaliki, A. (2025). Statistical approaches for the identification of the origin mineralization groundwaters: case of the Naama Region, Far West-Algeria. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 28(4), 387–395. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v28n4.106550

ACM

[1]
Boudjema, A., Guettaia, S., Derdour, A., Brinis, N. and Almaliki, A. 2025. Statistical approaches for the identification of the origin mineralization groundwaters: case of the Naama Region, Far West-Algeria. Earth Sciences Research Journal. 28, 4 (Feb. 2025), 387–395. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v28n4.106550.

ACS

(1)
Boudjema, A.; Guettaia, S.; Derdour, A.; Brinis, N.; Almaliki, A. Statistical approaches for the identification of the origin mineralization groundwaters: case of the Naama Region, Far West-Algeria. Earth sci. res. j. 2025, 28, 387-395.

ABNT

BOUDJEMA, A.; GUETTAIA, S.; DERDOUR, A.; BRINIS, N.; ALMALIKI, A. Statistical approaches for the identification of the origin mineralization groundwaters: case of the Naama Region, Far West-Algeria. Earth Sciences Research Journal, [S. l.], v. 28, n. 4, p. 387–395, 2025. DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v28n4.106550. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/106550. Acesso em: 16 apr. 2025.

Chicago

Boudjema, Abderrezzak, Sabrine Guettaia, Abdessamed Derdour, Nafaa Brinis, and Abdulrazak Almaliki. 2025. “Statistical approaches for the identification of the origin mineralization groundwaters: case of the Naama Region, Far West-Algeria”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 28 (4):387-95. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v28n4.106550.

Harvard

Boudjema, A., Guettaia, S., Derdour, A., Brinis, N. and Almaliki, A. (2025) “Statistical approaches for the identification of the origin mineralization groundwaters: case of the Naama Region, Far West-Algeria”, Earth Sciences Research Journal, 28(4), pp. 387–395. doi: 10.15446/esrj.v28n4.106550.

IEEE

[1]
A. Boudjema, S. Guettaia, A. Derdour, N. Brinis, and A. Almaliki, “Statistical approaches for the identification of the origin mineralization groundwaters: case of the Naama Region, Far West-Algeria”, Earth sci. res. j., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 387–395, Feb. 2025.

MLA

Boudjema, A., S. Guettaia, A. Derdour, N. Brinis, and A. Almaliki. “Statistical approaches for the identification of the origin mineralization groundwaters: case of the Naama Region, Far West-Algeria”. Earth Sciences Research Journal, vol. 28, no. 4, Feb. 2025, pp. 387-95, doi:10.15446/esrj.v28n4.106550.

Turabian

Boudjema, Abderrezzak, Sabrine Guettaia, Abdessamed Derdour, Nafaa Brinis, and Abdulrazak Almaliki. “Statistical approaches for the identification of the origin mineralization groundwaters: case of the Naama Region, Far West-Algeria”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 28, no. 4 (February 13, 2025): 387–395. Accessed April 16, 2025. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/106550.

Vancouver

1.
Boudjema A, Guettaia S, Derdour A, Brinis N, Almaliki A. Statistical approaches for the identification of the origin mineralization groundwaters: case of the Naama Region, Far West-Algeria. Earth sci. res. j. [Internet]. 2025 Feb. 13 [cited 2025 Apr. 16];28(4):387-95. Available from: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/106550

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