Published

2023-08-16

Landslide susceptibility mapping of Penang Island, Malaysia, using remote sensing and multi-geophysical methods

Mapeo de la susceptibilidad de deslizamientos de tierra en la Isla de Penang, Malasia, a través de teledetección y métodos multigeofísicos

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v27n2.107274

Keywords:

Landslide susceptibility mapping, landslide risk analysis, 2D-Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), Seismic refraction, Bouguer gravity anomaly (en)
Isla de Penang, mapa de susceptibilidad de deslizamientos de tierra, teledetección, tomografía de resistividad eléctrica, tomografía de refracción sísmica (es)

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Malaysia is one of the countries in the world experiencing landslides yearly due to natural events and human activities. Penang Island is Malaysia’s second most developed state and the largest by population. It is prone to landslides with devastating environmental impacts. Hence, the need to characterize its near-surface soil-rock conditions. This study uses remotely sensed data via frequency ratio (FR) techniques to identify landslide-prone areas based on different categories of landslide causative factors. To further understand the conditions and hydrodynamics of the soil-rock profiles causing landslides, electrical resistivity tomography and seismic refraction tomography were carried out at a landslide-suspected section in the study area. Also, the satellite-derived Bouguer gravity anomaly modeling was performed to map the varied gravity anomalies associated with landslide-triggering factors in lithologic units. The multi-geophysical models offer strongly correlated results with the causative remote sensed maps and the landslide susceptibility index (LSI) map. The likelihood of landslides occurring in the area, as suggested by the area under curve modeling of LSI data, yielded a high predicted success rate of 83.47%. Hence, prospective landslides were identified at the hilly and elevated sections, while the less susceptible sections were identified on flat reliefs. Landslides may also be triggered, for instance, at steep sections with varied contractive soil bodies and shallow structures. Most importantly, leveraging the LSI map would help the necessary agencies to forestall and mitigate future landslide occurrences in the area.

Malasia es uno de los países donde cada año se presentan deslizamientos de tierra debido a eventos naturales y actividades humanas. La isla de Penang es el segundo estado más desarrollado de Malasia y el más poblado. Es un estado propenso a deslizamientos de tierra con impactos ambientales devastadores. Por consiguiente, es  necesario caracterizar las condiciones roca-suelo cerca de la superficie. Este estudio utiliza información de teledetección a través de técnicas de Radio Frecuencia (FR, del inglés Frequency Ratio) para identificar las áreas propensas a deslizamientos con base en diferentes categorías de factores causales de deslizamientos. Para entender mejor las condiciones y los perfiles hidrodinámicos suelo-roca que causan los deslizamientos de tierra se realizaron tomografías de resistividad eléctrica y de refracción sísmica en una zona del área de estudio que se presume es propensa a estos movimientos. Además, se realizó el modelamiento satelital de la anomalía gravitacional de Bouguer para identificar las variadas anomalías de la gravedad asociadas con los factores que desencadenan los deslizamientos en las unidades litológicas. Los modelos multigeofísicos ofrecen resultados fuertemente correlacionados con los mapas causales teledetectados y el mapa del índice de susceptibilidad de deslizamientos de tierra (LSI, del inglés Landslide Susceptibility Index). La probabilidad de ocurrencia de deslizamientos, de acuerdo con lo sugerido por la curva de información LSI en el área, establece una alta efectividad de predicción de 83.47 %. Con esto, la perspectiva de deslizamientos fue mayor en las secciones elevadas y montañosas, mientras que las secciones menos susceptibles se identificaron en las planicies. Los deslizamientos también podrían desencadenarse, en algunas instancias, en secciones empinadas con cuerpos variados de suelos contractivos y estructuras superficiales. Lo más destacado es que el aprovechamiento del mapa LSI ayudaría a las agencias a prevenir o mitigar los futuros deslizamientos de tierra en el área.              

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How to Cite

APA

Husainy, S. N., Bery, A. A., Abir, I. A., Lestari, W. and Akingboye, A. S. (2023). Landslide susceptibility mapping of Penang Island, Malaysia, using remote sensing and multi-geophysical methods. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 27(2), 93–107. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v27n2.107274

ACM

[1]
Husainy, S.N., Bery, A.A., Abir, I.A., Lestari, W. and Akingboye, A.S. 2023. Landslide susceptibility mapping of Penang Island, Malaysia, using remote sensing and multi-geophysical methods. Earth Sciences Research Journal. 27, 2 (Aug. 2023), 93–107. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v27n2.107274.

ACS

(1)
Husainy, S. N.; Bery, A. A.; Abir, I. A.; Lestari, W.; Akingboye, A. S. Landslide susceptibility mapping of Penang Island, Malaysia, using remote sensing and multi-geophysical methods. Earth sci. res. j. 2023, 27, 93-107.

ABNT

HUSAINY, S. N.; BERY, A. A.; ABIR, I. A.; LESTARI, W.; AKINGBOYE, A. S. Landslide susceptibility mapping of Penang Island, Malaysia, using remote sensing and multi-geophysical methods. Earth Sciences Research Journal, [S. l.], v. 27, n. 2, p. 93–107, 2023. DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v27n2.107274. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/107274. Acesso em: 9 apr. 2025.

Chicago

Husainy, Siti Nurkhalidah, Andy Anderson Bery, Ismail Ahmad Abir, Wien Lestari, and Adedibu Sunny Akingboye. 2023. “Landslide susceptibility mapping of Penang Island, Malaysia, using remote sensing and multi-geophysical methods”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 27 (2):93-107. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v27n2.107274.

Harvard

Husainy, S. N., Bery, A. A., Abir, I. A., Lestari, W. and Akingboye, A. S. (2023) “Landslide susceptibility mapping of Penang Island, Malaysia, using remote sensing and multi-geophysical methods”, Earth Sciences Research Journal, 27(2), pp. 93–107. doi: 10.15446/esrj.v27n2.107274.

IEEE

[1]
S. N. Husainy, A. A. Bery, I. A. Abir, W. Lestari, and A. S. Akingboye, “Landslide susceptibility mapping of Penang Island, Malaysia, using remote sensing and multi-geophysical methods”, Earth sci. res. j., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 93–107, Aug. 2023.

MLA

Husainy, S. N., A. A. Bery, I. A. Abir, W. Lestari, and A. S. Akingboye. “Landslide susceptibility mapping of Penang Island, Malaysia, using remote sensing and multi-geophysical methods”. Earth Sciences Research Journal, vol. 27, no. 2, Aug. 2023, pp. 93-107, doi:10.15446/esrj.v27n2.107274.

Turabian

Husainy, Siti Nurkhalidah, Andy Anderson Bery, Ismail Ahmad Abir, Wien Lestari, and Adedibu Sunny Akingboye. “Landslide susceptibility mapping of Penang Island, Malaysia, using remote sensing and multi-geophysical methods”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 27, no. 2 (August 16, 2023): 93–107. Accessed April 9, 2025. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/107274.

Vancouver

1.
Husainy SN, Bery AA, Abir IA, Lestari W, Akingboye AS. Landslide susceptibility mapping of Penang Island, Malaysia, using remote sensing and multi-geophysical methods. Earth sci. res. j. [Internet]. 2023 Aug. 16 [cited 2025 Apr. 9];27(2):93-107. Available from: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/107274

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