Published

2024-05-28

Integrated Analysis of the Eocene Sakesar Formation: Depositional Environment, Microfacies, Geochemistry, and Reservoir Characteristics in the Potwar Basin, Pakistan

Análisis integrado de la Formación Sakesar del Eoceno: Ambiente deposicional, microfacies, geoquímica y características reservorio de la cuenca de Potwar, Pakistán

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v28n1.107766

Keywords:

Sakesar Formation, Potwar Basin, Depositional environment, microfacies (en)
Formación Sakesar, Cuenca Potwar, ambiente deposicional, microfacies (es)

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Authors

  • Syed Bilawal Ali Shah University of Malaya
  • Khaira Ismail Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
  • Wan Zairani Wan Bakar Oil and Gas Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara,40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

The current study aimed to evaluate the petroleum generation potential of the Sakesar Formation. This study interprets and presents a depositional environment model, microfacies, and geochemical and petrophysical data of the Eocene Sakesar Formation in the Potwar Basin, Pakistan. Twenty well-cutting samples from two wells and six fresh outcrop samples were thoroughly studied. Results of total organic carbon and Rock-Eval pyrolysis of Sakesar Formation sediments show fair to good TOC contents ranging from 1.2-1.67 wt%. S2 values of samples showed fair to good generation potential. Sediments appear mature, having primarily mixed Type II-III kerogen with good oil/gas-generation potential. Three microfacies have been identified in the Sakesar Formation at the Tatral section: Bioclastic wacke-packstone, Lockhartia-rich mud-wackestone, and benthic foraminiferal wackestone. The microfacies of the Sakesar Limestone depict the deposition of the Sakesar Limestone from the distal middle ramp to restricted inner ramp settings. Petrophysical well logs analysis of the Sakesar Formation showed an average porosity of ~9.12%; the lithology was identified as limestone, having an average water saturation of ~22.32% and an average hydrocarbon saturation of ~77.68%. Thus indicating average to good reservoir properties with very good hydrocarbon saturation. Sakesar Formation sediments characteristics interpretation showed that it can act as both source rock and reservoir rock in the Potwar Basin.

El presente estudio busca evaluar el potencial de generación petrolífera de la formación Sakesar. Con ese fin este trabajo presenta e interpreta un modelo ambiental deposicional, con información de microfacies, geoquímica y petrofísica. Un total de veinte muestras cortadas y pulidas de dos pozos y seis afloramientos se estudiaron cuidadosamente. Los resultados de los análisis de carbono orgánico total y de pirólisis (Rock eval) de los sedimentos de la formación Sakesar muestran que los contenidos de carbono orgánico total son de regulares a buenos y oscilan entre 1.2 y 1.67 wt%. Los valores S2 de las muestras tienen un potencial de generación entre regular y bueno. Los sedimentos se muestran maduros y tienen una mezcla primaria de kerógenos tipo II-III con un buen potencial de generación de petróleo y gas. Tres microfacies se han identificado en la sección Teatral de la formación Sakesar: wacke-packstone bioclástica, wackestone de barro rico en lockhartia y wackestone de foraminíferos bentónicos. Las microfacies de las calizas de Sakesar muestran que sus deposiciones desde la rampa media distal hasta configuraciones de rampa interior restringidas. Los análisis petrofísicos de registro de pozo de la formación Sakesar muestran una porosidad promedio de ~9.12%; la litología se identificó como caliza, con un promedio de saturación de agua de ~22.32% y un promedio de saturación de hidrocarburos de ~77.68%. Por ende, los resultados indican que en promedio las propiedades del reservorio son buenas con muy buena saturación de hidrocarburos. La interpretación de las características de los sedimentos de la formación Sakesar muestran que esta puede actuar como roca fuente o como roca reservorio en la cuenca Potwar.

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How to Cite

APA

Shah, S. B. A., Ismail, K. and Wan Bakar, W. Z. (2024). Integrated Analysis of the Eocene Sakesar Formation: Depositional Environment, Microfacies, Geochemistry, and Reservoir Characteristics in the Potwar Basin, Pakistan. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 28(1), 17–27. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v28n1.107766

ACM

[1]
Shah, S.B.A., Ismail, K. and Wan Bakar, W.Z. 2024. Integrated Analysis of the Eocene Sakesar Formation: Depositional Environment, Microfacies, Geochemistry, and Reservoir Characteristics in the Potwar Basin, Pakistan. Earth Sciences Research Journal. 28, 1 (May 2024), 17–27. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v28n1.107766.

ACS

(1)
Shah, S. B. A.; Ismail, K.; Wan Bakar, W. Z. Integrated Analysis of the Eocene Sakesar Formation: Depositional Environment, Microfacies, Geochemistry, and Reservoir Characteristics in the Potwar Basin, Pakistan. Earth sci. res. j. 2024, 28, 17-27.

ABNT

SHAH, S. B. A.; ISMAIL, K.; WAN BAKAR, W. Z. Integrated Analysis of the Eocene Sakesar Formation: Depositional Environment, Microfacies, Geochemistry, and Reservoir Characteristics in the Potwar Basin, Pakistan. Earth Sciences Research Journal, [S. l.], v. 28, n. 1, p. 17–27, 2024. DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v28n1.107766. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/107766. Acesso em: 28 mar. 2025.

Chicago

Shah, Syed Bilawal Ali, Khaira Ismail, and Wan Zairani Wan Bakar. 2024. “Integrated Analysis of the Eocene Sakesar Formation: Depositional Environment, Microfacies, Geochemistry, and Reservoir Characteristics in the Potwar Basin, Pakistan”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 28 (1):17-27. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v28n1.107766.

Harvard

Shah, S. B. A., Ismail, K. and Wan Bakar, W. Z. (2024) “Integrated Analysis of the Eocene Sakesar Formation: Depositional Environment, Microfacies, Geochemistry, and Reservoir Characteristics in the Potwar Basin, Pakistan”, Earth Sciences Research Journal, 28(1), pp. 17–27. doi: 10.15446/esrj.v28n1.107766.

IEEE

[1]
S. B. A. Shah, K. Ismail, and W. Z. Wan Bakar, “Integrated Analysis of the Eocene Sakesar Formation: Depositional Environment, Microfacies, Geochemistry, and Reservoir Characteristics in the Potwar Basin, Pakistan”, Earth sci. res. j., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 17–27, May 2024.

MLA

Shah, S. B. A., K. Ismail, and W. Z. Wan Bakar. “Integrated Analysis of the Eocene Sakesar Formation: Depositional Environment, Microfacies, Geochemistry, and Reservoir Characteristics in the Potwar Basin, Pakistan”. Earth Sciences Research Journal, vol. 28, no. 1, May 2024, pp. 17-27, doi:10.15446/esrj.v28n1.107766.

Turabian

Shah, Syed Bilawal Ali, Khaira Ismail, and Wan Zairani Wan Bakar. “Integrated Analysis of the Eocene Sakesar Formation: Depositional Environment, Microfacies, Geochemistry, and Reservoir Characteristics in the Potwar Basin, Pakistan”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 28, no. 1 (May 28, 2024): 17–27. Accessed March 28, 2025. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/107766.

Vancouver

1.
Shah SBA, Ismail K, Wan Bakar WZ. Integrated Analysis of the Eocene Sakesar Formation: Depositional Environment, Microfacies, Geochemistry, and Reservoir Characteristics in the Potwar Basin, Pakistan. Earth sci. res. j. [Internet]. 2024 May 28 [cited 2025 Mar. 28];28(1):17-2. Available from: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/107766

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