Published

2024-05-28

Sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic analysis of Late Eocene Kirthar Formation, Central Indus Basin, Pakistan, Eastern Tethys

Análisis sedimentológico y de secuencia estratigráfica de la formación Kirthar, del Eoceno Tardío, Cuenca Central Indus, Pakistán, Oeste de Tetis

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v28n1.108562

Keywords:

Eocene, Lithostratigraphy, Sea level changes, Carbonates, Eastern Sulaiman Range, Oil and gas exploration (en)
Eoceno, litoestratigrafía, cambios en el nivel del mar, carbonatos, montañas de Sulaiman, exploración de gas y petróleo (es)

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Authors

  • Umair Sarwar Planning and Information Directorate, Geological Survey of Pakistan Quetta, Pakistan
  • Shahid Ghazi Institute of Geology University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Syed Haroon Ali Department of Earth Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan 40100 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8619-7005
  • Mubashir Mehmood Department of Earth, Environmental and Resources Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Campania Region, 80126, Italy
  • Muhammad Jahangir Khan Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
  • Arslan Zaheer Institute of Geology University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Syed Jawad Arif Geoscience Advanced Research Laboratories, Geological Survey of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan

Rakhi Nala (Gorge) section of Eastern Sulaiman Range, Pakistan hosts world-class geological sections from the Cretaceous to the Recent. Here, Late Eocene Kirthar Formation is having a conformable lower contact with the greenish grey massive shale of the Baska Member of the Ghazij Formation. The rusty beds of the Oligocene Chitarwatta Formation are overlying the Kirthar Formation. To understand the detailed microfacies and depositional setting, detailed fieldwork was carried out in the Kirthar Formation in the outer Sulaiman Foldbelt. The late Eocene Kirthar Formation includes Habib Rahi Limestone, Domanda Shale, Pirkoh Limestone, and Drazinda Shale. Domanda Shale Member was deposited in transgression before Habib Rahi Limestone Member was deposited. It was followed up by the deposition of the second member Pirkoh Limestone and Marl Member. Habib Rahi Limestone, Pirkoh Limestone, and Marl Member have catch-up-to-keep-up deposition with rise and fall of sea level. Some facies of Drazinda and Domanda Shales represent a restricted setting supported by the presence of gypsum, while deep sea facies were also identified. This study will provide a guide for evaluating sedimentological concepts and understanding complex facies in highly oil and gas-prone stratigraphic sequences especially in the Eastern Tethys Region.

La sección del cañón de Rakhi Nala en las montañas del este de Sulaiman, Pakistán, hospeda secciones geológicas de clase mundial desde el Cretácico hasta el presente. Por ejemplo, la formación Kirthar del Eoceno tardío presenta un contacto en la parte baja con un shale masivo gris verdoso del miembro Basaka, formación Ghazij. Los lechos oxidados de la formación Chitarwatta de Oligoceno se sobreponen a la formación Kirthar. En este estudio se realizó un detallado trabajo de campo en la formación Kirthar, en el pliego extremo de Sulaiman, para entender la configuración de microfacies y deposicional. La formación Kirthar se caracteriza por la piedra caliza en Habib Rahi, esquistos en Domanda, piedra caliza en Pirkoh y esquistos en Drazinda. Los esquistos en Domanda se depositaron en transgresión antes de las calizas de Habib Rahi. Después vino la deposición del segundo miembro de calizas en Pirkoh en el miembro Marl. Las calizas de Habib Rahi, de Pirkoh y del miembro Marl tienen deposiciones configuradas por las subidas y bajadas del nivel del mar.  Algunas facies de los esquistos de Drazinda y Domanda representan una configuración restringida apoyada por la presencia de yeso, y que también fue identificada en las facies a mayor profundidad en el mar. Este trabajo provee una guía para evaluar conceptos sedimentológicos y comprender las facies complejas en secuencias estratigráficas altamente propensas en petróleo y gas, especialmente en el oriente de la región de Tetis.

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Sarwar, U., Ghazi, S., Ali, S. H., Mehmood, M., Jahangir Khan, M., Zaheer, A. and Arif, S. J. (2024). Sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic analysis of Late Eocene Kirthar Formation, Central Indus Basin, Pakistan, Eastern Tethys. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 28(1), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v28n1.108562

ACM

[1]
Sarwar, U., Ghazi, S., Ali, S.H., Mehmood, M., Jahangir Khan, M., Zaheer, A. and Arif, S.J. 2024. Sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic analysis of Late Eocene Kirthar Formation, Central Indus Basin, Pakistan, Eastern Tethys. Earth Sciences Research Journal. 28, 1 (May 2024), 29–38. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v28n1.108562.

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Sarwar, U.; Ghazi, S.; Ali, S. H.; Mehmood, M.; Jahangir Khan, M.; Zaheer, A.; Arif, S. J. Sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic analysis of Late Eocene Kirthar Formation, Central Indus Basin, Pakistan, Eastern Tethys. Earth sci. res. j. 2024, 28, 29-38.

ABNT

SARWAR, U.; GHAZI, S.; ALI, S. H.; MEHMOOD, M.; JAHANGIR KHAN, M.; ZAHEER, A.; ARIF, S. J. Sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic analysis of Late Eocene Kirthar Formation, Central Indus Basin, Pakistan, Eastern Tethys. Earth Sciences Research Journal, [S. l.], v. 28, n. 1, p. 29–38, 2024. DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v28n1.108562. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/108562. Acesso em: 28 mar. 2025.

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Sarwar, Umair, Shahid Ghazi, Syed Haroon Ali, Mubashir Mehmood, Muhammad Jahangir Khan, Arslan Zaheer, and Syed Jawad Arif. 2024. “Sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic analysis of Late Eocene Kirthar Formation, Central Indus Basin, Pakistan, Eastern Tethys”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 28 (1):29-38. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v28n1.108562.

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Sarwar, U., Ghazi, S., Ali, S. H., Mehmood, M., Jahangir Khan, M., Zaheer, A. and Arif, S. J. (2024) “Sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic analysis of Late Eocene Kirthar Formation, Central Indus Basin, Pakistan, Eastern Tethys”, Earth Sciences Research Journal, 28(1), pp. 29–38. doi: 10.15446/esrj.v28n1.108562.

IEEE

[1]
U. Sarwar, “Sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic analysis of Late Eocene Kirthar Formation, Central Indus Basin, Pakistan, Eastern Tethys”, Earth sci. res. j., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 29–38, May 2024.

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Sarwar, U., S. Ghazi, S. H. Ali, M. Mehmood, M. Jahangir Khan, A. Zaheer, and S. J. Arif. “Sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic analysis of Late Eocene Kirthar Formation, Central Indus Basin, Pakistan, Eastern Tethys”. Earth Sciences Research Journal, vol. 28, no. 1, May 2024, pp. 29-38, doi:10.15446/esrj.v28n1.108562.

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Sarwar, Umair, Shahid Ghazi, Syed Haroon Ali, Mubashir Mehmood, Muhammad Jahangir Khan, Arslan Zaheer, and Syed Jawad Arif. “Sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic analysis of Late Eocene Kirthar Formation, Central Indus Basin, Pakistan, Eastern Tethys”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 28, no. 1 (May 28, 2024): 29–38. Accessed March 28, 2025. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/108562.

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1.
Sarwar U, Ghazi S, Ali SH, Mehmood M, Jahangir Khan M, Zaheer A, Arif SJ. Sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic analysis of Late Eocene Kirthar Formation, Central Indus Basin, Pakistan, Eastern Tethys. Earth sci. res. j. [Internet]. 2024 May 28 [cited 2025 Mar. 28];28(1):29-38. Available from: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/108562

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