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Intercomparison of multisource actual evapotranspiration satellite products in Bilate watershed, Ethiopia
Intercomparación de productos satelitales multifuente que miden la Actual Evapotranspiración en la cuenca de Bilate, Etiopía
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v28n2.111726Keywords:
Actual Evapotranspiration, Bilate, Intercomparison, Multisource, Remote Sensing Evapotranspiration products (en)Actual Evapotranspiración, cuenca de Bilate, Intercomparación, multifuentes, productos de detección remota de evapotranspiración (es)
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Recent advancements in satellite remote sensing have led to increased spatial and temporal resolution of actual evapotranspiration (AET) estimates across scales. Yet, the accuracy of AET products remains unknown for many regions, prompting further investigation to guide selection. This study intercompares five AET products within Ethiopia’s Bilate watershed, focusing on the 2009-2018 period. The products assessed include TerraClimate, Food and Agriculture Organization Water Productivity (FAO WaPOR), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (ModisSSEBop), and Synthesis of Global AET. Reference evapotranspiration estimated using ground station climate data served as a basis for comparing the Satellite Products (SP). The intercomparison was conducted using descriptive statistics, scatter plots and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient to assess correlation, standard deviation, and root mean square error. Additional error statistics were also considered. Findings reveal higher AET values in the highlands compared to the lowlands of the Bilate watershed. A weak correlation (<0.35) exists between ETo and satellite-derived AET, potentially due to the averaging of AET values across diverse land cover classes, contrasting with point-scale reference measurements. The variance among AET products was varied across seasons and elevation ranges. While the annual patterns of AET were consistent across the products, large discrepancies in magnitude (average AET varies from 25 to 83 mm per month in the lower part) were detected. The ModisSSEBop global and continental products showed minimal mismatches, whereas the Synthesis of Global and FAO WaPOR products displayed slight differences. Notably, the FAO WaPOR’s AET estimates showed relatively closer agreement with many products in terms of magnitude and variability of AET. In conclusion, the study highlights significant random and systematic differences between the AET products. The substantial mismatch between the products underscores the necessity for continued research to refine AET product accuracy through improved input dataset and revisiting the algorithms.
Los recientes avances en los satélites de detección remota han permitido un incremento en la estimación de la resolución espacial y temporal de la Actual Evapotranspiración (AET, from English Actual Evapotranspiration) en diversas escalas. Sin embargo, la exactitud de los productos que miden el fenómeno de la evapotranspiración permanece desconocida en muchas regiones, por lo que se demanda más investigación para guiar la selección. Este estudio compara cinco productos para medir la evapotranspiración en la cuenca etíope de Bilate con enfoque en el período 2009-2018. Los productos evaluados son TerraClimate, Water Productivity de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO WaPOR), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (ModisSSEBop) y Synthesis of Global AET. La evapotranspiración de referencia estimada utilizando datos climáticos de estaciones terrestres sirvió como base para comparar estos productos satelitales. La intercomparación se realizó con estadísticas descriptivas, gráficos de dispersión y el Coeficiente de Correlación de Pearson para evaluar la correlación, la desviación estándar y la raíz del error cuadrático medio. También se consideraron los errores estadísticos adicionales. Los resultados revelan valores altos de Actual Evapotranspiración en las tierras altas en comparación con las tierras bajas de la cuenca Bilate. Un pequeño índice de correlación (<0.35) existe entre la evapotranspiración y la medida satelital de la Actual Evapotranspiración, potencialmente debido a la promediación de los valores de Actual Evapotranspiración a lo largo de diversas clases de cobertura del suelo que contrastan con mediciones de referencia a escala de puntos. La desviación entre los productos de Actual Evapotranspiración fue variada entre las estaciones y entre los rangos de elevación. Mientras que los patrones anuales de la AET son consistentes entre los productos, se detectaron grandes diferencias de magnitud (el promedio de la AET varía de 25 a 83 mm por mes en las partes más bajas). El ModisSSEBop global y los productos continentales mostraron diferencias mínimas, mientras que los productos Synthesis of Global AET y FAO WaPOR presentaron diferencias ligeras. Notablemente las estimaciones del FAO WaPOR AET muestran un mayor acuerdo con muchos productos en términos de magnitud y variabilidad de la Actual Evapotranspiración. En conclusión, el estudio resalta las diferencias sistemáticas y aleatorias entre los productos que miden la AET. El desacuerdo sustancial entre los productos enfatiza la necesidad de continuar la investigación para refinar la exactitud de los productos que miden la AET a través de bases de datos mejoradas y revisitando los algoritmos.
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