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Hydrogeological and Hydrogeochemical Insights into Groundwater Mineralization: A Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Terminal Complex Aquifer in Wadi Righ, Southern Algeria
Perspectivas hidrogeológicas e hidrogeoquímicas sobre la mineralización de aguas subterráneas: Un análisis espaciotemporal del acuífero Complejo Terminal en Wadi Righ, sur de Argelia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v29n4.112389Keywords:
Groundwater, Wadi Righ, Terminal Complex, Mineralization, Spatiotemporal trends (en)aguas subterráneas, Wadi Righ, Complejo Terminal, mineralización, tendencias espaciotemporales (es)
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Groundwater in the Algerian Sahara is an important source of water for various uses. Despite its abundance compared to surface water, it is still confronted to many problems, in terms of overexploitation and quality. Excessive mineralization of this groundwater is a major issue in the Wadi Righ region in northeastern Algerian Sahara. In this paper, we attempt to examine the groundwater mineralization source of the Terminal Complex aquifer and analyze its spatiotemporal trends by combining tools from Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with hydrogeochemical analysis of results from 117 wells between a period of four years (1995, 2012, 2015 and 2017), and 613 groundwater measurements for six years (1998, 2005, 2010, 2013, 2015 and 2017). The groundwater exhibits electrical conductivity values ranging from 2760 to 11200 μS/cm and TDS concentrations between 1934 and 8318 mg/L, indicating strong mineralization gradients from south to north. The dominant hydrochemical facies are SO₄–Cl–Mg–Ca and SO₄–Cl–Na . Hydrogeochemical diagrams reveal that water–rock interaction and evaporite dissolution are the main processes controlling salinity. Spatial mapping of EC, groundwater levels, and saturation indices (SI) indicates a progressive increase in salinity toward Chott Merouane, with an inverse correlation between groundwater level and mineralization. This study provides the first integrated spatiotemporal assessment combining hydrogeochemical and GIS-based approaches to characterize the evolution of groundwater salinity in the Wadi Righ basin, contributing new insight into the link between aquifer depletion and mineralization in the Algerian Sahara.
Las aguas subterráneas en el Sahara argelino constituyen una fuente importante de agua para diversos usos. A pesar de su abundancia en comparación con las aguas superficiales, enfrentan numerosos problemas relacionados con la sobreexplotación y la calidad. La mineralización excesiva de estas aguas es un problema grave en la región de Wadi Righ, en el noreste del Sahara argelino. En este artículo, se busca examinar la fuente de mineralización de las aguas subterráneas del acuífero Complejo Terminal y analizar sus tendencias espaciotemporales, combinando herramientas de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) con el análisis hidrogeoquímico de los resultados de 117 pozos durante un período de cuatro años (1995, 2012, 2015 y 2017), y 613 mediciones de aguas subterráneas durante seis años (1998, 2005, 2010, 2013, 2015 y 2017). Las aguas subterráneas presentan valores de conductividad eléctrica que varían entre 2760 y 11200 μS/cm y concentraciones de sólidos disueltos totales (TDS) entre 1934 y 8318 mg/L, lo que indica fuertes gradientes de mineralización de sur a norte. Los facies hidroquímicos dominantes son SO₄–Cl–Mg–Ca y SO₄–Cl–Na. Los diagramas hidrogeoquímicos revelan que la interacción agua–roca y la disolución de evaporitas son los principales procesos que controlan la salinidad. La cartografía espacial de la CE, los niveles de agua subterránea y los índices de saturación (IS) indica un aumento progresivo de la salinidad hacia Chott Merouane, con una correlación inversa entre el nivel freático y la mineralización. Este estudio presenta la primera evaluación espaciotemporal integrada que combina enfoques hidrogeoquímicos y basados en SIG para caracterizar la evolución de la salinidad de las aguas subterráneas en la cuenca de Wadi Righ, aportando nuevos conocimientos sobre la relación entre el agotamiento del acuífero y la mineralización en el Sahara argelino.
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