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Study of the structural characteristics of the Earth’s crust in Cao Bang province and adjacent areas using gravity data
Estudio de las características estructurales de la corteza terrestre en la provincia de Cao Bang y de áreas adyacentes a través del uso de información de la gravedad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v28n4.114856Keywords:
Gravity, 2D modeling, 3D inversion, Fault, Crystalline basement surface, Moho surface (en)Gravedad, Modelamiento 2D, Inversión 3D, fallas, piso cristalino, superficie de Moho (es)
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Cao Bang province and adjacent areas in northern Vietnam are affected by modern tectonic fault zones, leading to frequent landslides and earthquakes. Understanding the deep structural characteristics of the Earth’s crust is crucial for advancing the study of geodynamics and geological hazards. Most previous studies on the deep structural characteristics of this region used only a few analysis methods, and their results were not highly reliable. Aiming to provide highly reliable information about the deep structural characteristics of this region, this study we apply a calculation process with a combination of gravity data analysis techniques and earthquake data. Specifically, the depth results obtained from the 2D modeling problem are utilized as inputs to construct an initial 3D model, thereby improving the accuracy of the depth of the crystalline basement and Moho surfaces. By integrating the results from these techniques with earthquake data, a more accurate fault system map can be developed. Maximum horizontal gradient, tilt angle, constrained two-dimensional inversion, Euler deconvolution, 2D modeling and 3D inversion are the main techniques used. The results of the study area show that the fault system is quite complex. Large faults can be easily recognized such as F1 (Pho Day River), F2 (Yen Minh – Phu Luong), F3 (Sub-meridian fault) and F4 (Cao Bang – Tien Yen). The depth of the crystalline basement surface varies from 0 to 4.32 km, with the basement outcropping in Bac Kan province and reaching deep depths in the Cao Bang and That Khe basins. The depth of the Moho surface varies from 28.77 to 38.01 km. The shallowest depth of the Moho surface is located in the northern area of Cao Bang province, the southern area of Bac Kan province, the southeastern area of Lang Son province, and the Cao Bang and That Khe basins. The deepest depth value of the Moho surface is located in Bac Kan province, where the crystalline basement is outcrop. The study results have shown the effectiveness and high reliability of applying calculation processes and combining analytical methods.
La provincia de Cao Bang y las áreas adyacentes del norte de Vietnam están afectadas por zonas con fallas tectónicas modernas que le ocasionan deslizamientos de tierra y terremotos constantes. Conocer las características estructurales profundas de la corteza terrestre es determinante para el avance de la geodinámica y de los peligros geológicos. La mayoría de los estudios previos sobre las características estructurales profundas en esta región usaron solo algunos métodos de análisis, y sus resultados no son altamente confiables. Con el fin de aportar información altamente confiable sobre las características estructurales profundas de la región, en este estudio los autores emplean un proceso de cálculo combinado con técnicas de análisis de información de la gravedad e información de terremotos. Específicamente, los resultados de profundidad obtenidos del modelamiento del problema en dos dimensiones se utilizaron como referentes para construir un modelo inicial tridimensional, y de esta forma mejorar la precisión de la profundidad del piso cristalino y de la superficie Moho. Al integrar los resultados de estas técnicas con información de terremotos se puede desarrollar un mapa del sistema de fallas más preciso. Las principales técnicas usadas son el gradiente horizontal máximo, ángulo de inclinación, inversión bidimensional residual, la deconvolución de Euler, modelado 2D e inversión tridimensional. Los resultados muestran que el sistema de fallas es complejo. Grandes fallas se pueden reconocer fácilmente como la F1 (río Pho Day), F2 (Yen Minh-Phu Luong), F3 (falla submeridiana) y F4 (Cao Bang-Tien Yen). La profundidad del piso cristalino varia de 0 a 4.32 kilómetros, con un afloramiento en la provincia de Bac Kan y con mayor profundidad en las cuencas de Cao Bang y Tath Khe. La profundidad de la superficie Moho varia de 28,77 a 38,01 kms. La parte menos profunda de la superficie Moho se ubica en el norte de la provincia de Cao Bang, en el sur de la provincia de Bac Kan, en el sureste de la provincia de Lang Son, y en las cuencas de Cao Bang y That Khe. La parte más profunda de la superficie Moho se ubica en la provincia Bac Kan, donde todo el piso cristalino es un afloramiento. Los resultados del estudio han mostrado la efectividad y alta confiabilidad de aplicar procesos de cálculo combinados con métodos analíticos.
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