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Mineralogical Characteristics and Colouring Mechanism of Hydrothermal Fluorite in the Sumochagan Obo Deposit, Inner Mongolia, north China
Características mineralógicas y mecanismo de coloración de la fluorita hidrotermal en el yacimiento Sumochagan Obo, Mongolia Interior, norte de China
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v29n2.115986Keywords:
Hydrothermal fluorite, Rare earth elements, Colouring mechanism, Magmatic-hydrothermal deposit, Sumochagan Obo deposit (en)Fluorita hidrotermal, Elementos de tierras raras, Mecanismo de coloración, Depósito magmático-hidrotermal, Depósito Sumochagan Obo (es)
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The Sumochagan Obo fluorite deposit, located in the northern part of Siziwangqi, Inner Mongolia, is recognized as a world-class fluorite-only deposit. However, research on the mineralogical characteristics and genesis of fluorite in this area remains relatively limited. To further elucidate the coloring and formation mechanisms of fluorite in this region, this study investigates the mineralogical and spectral characteristics of green and purple fluorite using Diamond View, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, and laser Raman spectroscopy. Geochemical analysis was conducted using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum, green fluorite samples exhibit absorption peaks at 223 nm, associated with Y and F centers. Absorption peaks at 693, 440, 360, and 276 nm are attributed to the presence of Sm²⁺, while peaks at 587 and 591 nm are caused by calcium colloidal color centers. The purple color of fluorite is likely due to YO₂ centers, as indicated by absorption peaks at 276 and 261 nm in the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum of purple samples. Through the Tb/Ca-Tb/La plot, it is observed that most fluorite samples from this mining area fall within the hydrothermal zone, which aligns with geological observations. The measured total rare earth elements (∑REE) of fluorite in this deposit fall between magmatic-hydrothermal fluids and meteoric water, indicating that the deposit was formed by the mixing of magmatic-hydrothermal processes with meteoric water involvement.
El depósito de fluorita de Sumochagan, localizado al norte de Siziwangqi, en la región de Mongolia interior, es reconocido como un depósito único de clase mundial. Sin embargo, la investigación de las características y origen de las fluoritas en esta área aún es relativamente limitado. Para definir los mecanismos de formación y coloración de estas fluoritas, este trabajo investiga las características espectrales y mineralógicas de fluoritas violetas y verdes a través de los métodos Diamond View, espectroscopía infrarroja, espectroscopía de absorción visible ultravioleta y espectroscopía laser Raman. Análisis geoquímicos se llevaron a cabo con el método de espectometría fluorescente de energía dispersiva de rayos X, espectometría fluorescente de ancho de onda dispersiva de rayos X y espectrometría de masas de plasma acoplado. En el espectro de absorción visible ultravioleta, las muestras de fluoritas verdes muestran picos de absorción de 223 nm, asociados con centros Y y F. Los picos de absorción a 693, 440, 360 y 276 nm se atribuyen a la presencia de Sm2+, mientras que los de 587 y 591, nm son causados por centros de color coloidal de calcio. El color violeta de las fluoritas es posible que se deba a los centros de YO2, de acuerdo con los picos de absorción de 276 y 261 nm en el espectro de absorción visible ultravioleta de las muestras violetas. En el diagrama Tb/Ca-Tb/La, se observa que la mayoría de las muestras de fluorita de esta zona minera se encuentran dentro del campo hidrotermal, lo cual concuerda con las observaciones geológicas. El total de elementos de tierras raras (ΣREE) medidos en fluorita en este depósito se encuentra entre fluidos magmático-hidrotermales y agua meteórica, lo que indica que el depósito se formó mediante la mezcla de procesos magmático-hidrotermales con la participación de agua meteórica.
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