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GIS Approach for Flood Risk Assessment in the Large Irrigation Area of the Western Mitidja Plain (Algeria)
Evaluación del riesgo de inundación a través del Sistema de Información Geográfica en una área de gran irrigación al oeste de la llanura de Mitidja, Algeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v29n1.117121Keywords:
Large Irrigation Area, Mitidja plain, Flood Risk, GIS, spatial analysis (en)grandes áreas irrigadas, llanura de Mitidja, riesgo de inundación, Sistema de Información Geográfica, análisis espacial (es)
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The large irrigation Areas of the Mitidja plain are areas that are frequently prone to flooding, resulting in significant losses for farmers and the agency managing the hydraulic infrastructures. The objective of this study is to develop a model for identifying, evaluating and mapping the flood-prone areas of these LIAs, in order to allow optimal management of hydraulic infrastructures and natural resources. To this end, we have used GIS tools and remote sensing to create a geodatabase of flood-control factors such as lithology, morphopedology, slope, altitude, natural drainage, artificial drainage and land use.
Las grandes áreas irrigadas de la llanura de Mitidja son zonas propensas a las inundaciones, lo que deriva en perdidas significativas tanto para agricultores como para las entidades de manejo de las infraestructuras hidráulicas. El objetivo de este estudio es desarrollar un modelo para identificar, evaluar y mapear estas grandes áreas irrigadas con el fin de permitir una administración óptima de las infraestructuras hidráulicas y de los recursos naturales. Con este fin los autores utilizaron herramientas del Sistema de Información Geográfica y de detección remota para crear una base de datos geológica con los factores que controlan las inundaciones, como la litología, la morfopedología, la inclinación, la altitud, el drenaje natural, el drenaje artificial y el uso del suelo. Este modelamiento se base en una combinación de múltiples criterios de información geográfica relacionada con los factores antes mencionados. Una combinación de estos factores se llevó a cabo a través de herramientas de análisis espacial producidas con el software ArcGis para realizar un mapeo evaluatorio de los riesgos de inundación. El resultado es un mapa que muestra la distribución espacial de las zonas propensas a las inundaciones en las grandes áreas irrigadas del oeste de la llanura de Mitidja, clasificadas en cuatro clases de riesgo: bajo, medio, alto y muy alto. Este resultado se verificó con estudios de campo. También se confirmó a través del área controlada del lago Halloula.
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