Published

2025-07-16

Geochemical data from Tanuma carbonate reservoir (Central Iraq) indicates higher terrigenous input and deoxygenation during Coniacian- Early Santonian age

Los datos geoquímicos del yacimiento carbonatado de Tanuma (Irak central) indican un mayor aporte terrígeno y desoxigenación durante la era Coniaciense-Santoniano temprano

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v29n2.117124

Keywords:

Coniacian–Santonian, OAE3, major and trace elements, carbonate platform, shallow coastal facies, Central Iraq (en)
Coniaciense-Santoniano, OAE3, elementos mayores y elementos traza, plataforma carbonatada, facies someras costeras, Central Iraq (es)

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A negative carbon isotopic excursion (CIE), typically overlaid atop a long term positive pattern, and significant environmental and climatic shifts are two characteristics that identify the Coniacian–Santonian, according to a variety of sedimentary records. But there is still no evidence to support the theory that variations in oceanic deoxygenation and continental weathering input in shallow seas could contribute to carbonate-platform crisis at low latitude. Here, carbonate content and carbonate-hosted elements from the Tanuma carbonate platform in Central Iraq (East Baghdad Oilfield; EB10 well) are analyzed for the Coniacian–Early Santonian transitional phase. The OAE3 boundary is marked by a clear increase in the elements that are most water insoluble (such as Al, Sc, Th, Ti, and all of the rare earth elements), which is followed by a modest increase or comparatively high-level values throughout the OAE CIE's negative phase. This implies that the improved terrigenous input may be connected to the rapid global warming that occurred throughout this time period. The increase in the abundance of these water-insoluble elements is immediately followed by an increase in the Mn, Ce, and Ce anomaly, which are then better values throughout the negative CIE interval. These data suggest that throughout this time period, shallow water experienced the process of deoxygenation and the growth in Mn (suboxic) condition. These events were probably related to increased nutrient input and continental weathering, which favored oxygen consumption as well as primary productivity. In CIE's recovery phase, the stratigraphically elevated insoluble in water elements exhibit a gradually declining trend in parallel to heightened redox proxy values, indicating a drop in the intensity of continental weathering and associated second the deoxygenation at shallow seas. In this case, increased recycling in bioessential nutrients or a slowing of the ocean's circulation could have contributed to deoxygenation. The interdependent connection among carbonate content, geochemical data, and biotic changes indicates that:1- the Tanuma carbonate platform probably noticed a minor degradation around the OAE3 boundary period due to the beginning of increasing terrigenous input and the deoxygenation at shallow seas.2- during the CIE's negative phase, the heightened terrigenous input and deoxygenation probably contributed significantly to the more serious situation facing benthic carbonate producers.

Los eventos anóxicos oceánicos se caracterization por extensas deposiciones y acumulaciones de sedimentos pelágicos ricos en materia orgánica, tales como shales negros, y son considerados mecanismos claves para el enterramiento de carbón orgánico y, en estos casos, almacenamiento del superinvernadero del Cretácico. Una excursión negativa isotópica del carbono (CIE, del inglés carbon isotopic excursion, típicamente sobrepuesta sobre un patrón positivo de largo período, junto con los cambios significativos climáticos y ambientales son características que identifican el período entre el Coniaciano y el Santoniano, de acuerdo con una amplia variedad de registros sedimentarios. Pero no hay evidencia que fundamente la teoría de que las variaciones en la desoxigenación y la meteorización continental en aguas marítimas someras pudieron contribuir a la crisis de las plataformas carbonatadas en las bajas latitudes. En este estudio se analiza el contenido de carbonato y los elementos alojados en carbonato de la plataforma de Tanuma, en el centro de Irak (campo petrolífero de Bagdad Oriental; pozo EB10), para la fase de transición Coniaciense-Santoniano temprano. El límite OAE3 está marcado por un claro aumento en los elementos que son más insolubles en agua (como Al, Sc, Th, Ti y todos los elementos de tierras raras), seguido de un ligero aumento o niveles relativamente altos a lo largo de la fase negativa del CIE OAE. Estos resultados sugieren que el aumento de la entrada terrígena probablemente estuvo relacionado con el rápido calentamiento global durante el período Coniaciense-Santoniano, lo que contribuyó a la degradación generalizada de la plataforma carbonatada. El aumento en la abundancia de estos elementos insolubles en agua es seguido inmediatamente por un aumento de Mn, Ce y Ce anómalo, que luego son mejores valores a lo largo del intervalo CIE negativo. Estos hallazgos se alinean con tendencias de desoxigenación similares observadas en plataformas carbonatadas contemporáneas en todo Egipto y el sur de Tetis, lo que indica un evento anóxico oceánico potencialmente generalizado durante el intervalo Coniaciense-Santoniano. Estos eventos probablemente estuvieron relacionados con el aumento de la entrada de nutrientes y la meteorización continental, que favorecieron el consumo de oxígeno, así como la productividad primaria. En la fase de recuperación del CIE, los elementos insolubles en agua estratigráficamente elevados exhiben una tendencia gradualmente decreciente en paralelo al aumento de los valores proxy redox, lo que indica una caída en la intensidad de la meteorización continental y la segunda desoxigenación asociada en mares poco profundos. En este caso, el aumento del reciclaje en nutrientes bioesenciales o una desaceleración de la circulación oceánica podrían haber contribuido a la desoxigenación. La conexión interdependiente entre el contenido de carbonato, los datos geoquímicos y los cambios bióticos indican que, 1. La plataforma carbonatada de Tanuma probablemente notó una degradación menor alrededor del período límite OAE3 debido al comienzo del aumento de la entrada terrígena y la desoxigenación de mares poco profundos. 2- Durante la fase negativa del CIE, la mayor entrada terrígena y la desoxigenación probablemente contribuyeron significativamente a la situación más grave que enfrentan los productores de carbonato bentónico.

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Abbas Ali, R. (2025). Geochemical data from Tanuma carbonate reservoir (Central Iraq) indicates higher terrigenous input and deoxygenation during Coniacian- Early Santonian age. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 29(2), 167–181. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v29n2.117124

ACM

[1]
Abbas Ali, R. 2025. Geochemical data from Tanuma carbonate reservoir (Central Iraq) indicates higher terrigenous input and deoxygenation during Coniacian- Early Santonian age. Earth Sciences Research Journal. 29, 2 (Jul. 2025), 167–181. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v29n2.117124.

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Abbas Ali, R. Geochemical data from Tanuma carbonate reservoir (Central Iraq) indicates higher terrigenous input and deoxygenation during Coniacian- Early Santonian age. Earth sci. res. j. 2025, 29, 167-181.

ABNT

ABBAS ALI, R. Geochemical data from Tanuma carbonate reservoir (Central Iraq) indicates higher terrigenous input and deoxygenation during Coniacian- Early Santonian age. Earth Sciences Research Journal, [S. l.], v. 29, n. 2, p. 167–181, 2025. DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v29n2.117124. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/117124. Acesso em: 29 dec. 2025.

Chicago

Abbas Ali, Rana. 2025. “Geochemical data from Tanuma carbonate reservoir (Central Iraq) indicates higher terrigenous input and deoxygenation during Coniacian- Early Santonian age”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 29 (2):167-81. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v29n2.117124.

Harvard

Abbas Ali, R. (2025) “Geochemical data from Tanuma carbonate reservoir (Central Iraq) indicates higher terrigenous input and deoxygenation during Coniacian- Early Santonian age”, Earth Sciences Research Journal, 29(2), pp. 167–181. doi: 10.15446/esrj.v29n2.117124.

IEEE

[1]
R. Abbas Ali, “Geochemical data from Tanuma carbonate reservoir (Central Iraq) indicates higher terrigenous input and deoxygenation during Coniacian- Early Santonian age”, Earth sci. res. j., vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 167–181, Jul. 2025.

MLA

Abbas Ali, R. “Geochemical data from Tanuma carbonate reservoir (Central Iraq) indicates higher terrigenous input and deoxygenation during Coniacian- Early Santonian age”. Earth Sciences Research Journal, vol. 29, no. 2, July 2025, pp. 167-81, doi:10.15446/esrj.v29n2.117124.

Turabian

Abbas Ali, Rana. “Geochemical data from Tanuma carbonate reservoir (Central Iraq) indicates higher terrigenous input and deoxygenation during Coniacian- Early Santonian age”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 29, no. 2 (July 16, 2025): 167–181. Accessed December 29, 2025. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/117124.

Vancouver

1.
Abbas Ali R. Geochemical data from Tanuma carbonate reservoir (Central Iraq) indicates higher terrigenous input and deoxygenation during Coniacian- Early Santonian age. Earth sci. res. j. [Internet]. 2025 Jul. 16 [cited 2025 Dec. 29];29(2):167-81. Available from: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/117124

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