Published

2025-07-16

The influence of vertical coastal land movement on relative sea level rise: a case study of Shanghai, China

Influencia del movimiento vertical de la tierra en zonas costeras sobre el aumento relativo del nivel del mar: estudio de caso en Shanghái, China

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v29n2.118098

Keywords:

Relative sea level rise, Vertical land motion, Shanghai, InSAR (en)
Aumento relativo del nivel del mar, movimiento vertical de la tierra, Shanghái, Interferométrico de Apertura Sintética (es)

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Authors

  • Beining Wen College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China
  • Miao Yu Shandong Xinhui Construction Group Co., LTD, Dongying 257901, Dongying, Shandong, China
  • Chong Liu School of Economics & Management , Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China
  • Yan Jiao Mobile Postdoctoral Research Station of Public Administration
  • Qihang Kai Xi’an City Planning & Design institute, No. 178 South Laodong Road, Xi’an 710082, Shaanxi, China

Understanding the current Vertical Land Motion (VLM), including subsidence or uplift, is the basis for projecting Relative Sea Level Rise (RLSR) and estimating related risks. However, in Shanghai, the impacts of the spatiotemporal change of VLM are little known. The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of VLM on RSLR and investigate the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of VLM through tide gauge records, satellite altimetry observations, and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) measurements. The calculations indicated that the RSLR (5.67±0.58 mm/year) from 1969 to 2019 was approximately twice the SLR trend (2.44±0.28 mm/year) from 1993 to 2019. The VLM, especially subsidence, is the main driver of RSLR. Moreover, spatial and temporal patterns of VLM are highly uneven and nonlinear. These results reveal that VLM is the main driver of RSLR. Unfortunately, previous studies have mostly underestimated or overlooked the impact of VLM on the risks of RSLR and subsequent coastal flooding. Thus, prevention strategies for controlling VLM are warranted to minimize the negative impact related to the RSLR. Our research provides a theoretical basis for urban disaster prevention in Shanghai and the planning of coastal cities worldwide.

Comprender el movimiento vertical de la tierra (VLM) actual, incluida la subsidencia y la elevación, es la base para proyectar el aumento relativo del nivel del mar (RLSR) y estimar los riesgos relacionados. Sin embargo, en Shanghái, los impactos del cambio espaciotemporal del VLM son poco conocidos. El propósito de este estudio fue cuantificar el impacto del VLM en el RSLR e investigar las características de evolución espaciotemporal del VLM a través de registros de mareógrafos, observaciones de altimetría satelital y mediciones del Radar Interferométrico de Apertura Sintética (InSAR). Los cálculos indicaron que el RSLR (5,67 ± 0,58 mm/año) de 1969 a 2019 fue aproximadamente el doble de la tendencia del SLR (2,44 ± 0,28 mm/año) de 1993 a 2019. El VLM, especialmente la subsidencia, es el principal impulsor del RSLR. Además, los patrones espaciales y temporales del VLM son altamente desiguales y no lineales. Estos resultados revelan que el VLM es el principal impulsor del RSLR. Desafortunadamente, estudios previos han subestimado o pasado por alto, en su mayoría, el impacto de la VLM en los riesgos de RSLR y las subsiguientes inundaciones costeras. Por lo tanto, se justifican estrategias de prevención para controlar la VLM a fin de minimizar el impacto negativo relacionado con la RSLR. Nuestra investigación proporciona una base teórica para la prevención de desastres urbanos en Shanghái y la planificación de ciudades costeras en todo el mundo.

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Wen, B., Yu, M., Liu, C., Jiao, Y. & Kai, Q. (2025). The influence of vertical coastal land movement on relative sea level rise: a case study of Shanghai, China. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 29(2). https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v29n2.118098

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Wen, B., Yu, M., Liu, C., Jiao, Y. and Kai, Q. 2025. The influence of vertical coastal land movement on relative sea level rise: a case study of Shanghai, China. Earth Sciences Research Journal. 29, 2 (Jul. 2025). DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v29n2.118098.

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Wen, B.; Yu, M.; Liu, C.; Jiao, Y.; Kai, Q. The influence of vertical coastal land movement on relative sea level rise: a case study of Shanghai, China. Earth sci. res. j. 2025, 29.

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WEN, B.; YU, M.; LIU, C.; JIAO, Y.; KAI, Q. The influence of vertical coastal land movement on relative sea level rise: a case study of Shanghai, China. Earth Sciences Research Journal, [S. l.], v. 29, n. 2, 2025. DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v29n2.118098. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/118098. Acesso em: 29 dec. 2025.

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Wen, Beining, Miao Yu, Chong Liu, Yan Jiao, and Qihang Kai. 2025. “The influence of vertical coastal land movement on relative sea level rise: a case study of Shanghai, China”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 29 (2). https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v29n2.118098.

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Wen, B., Yu, M., Liu, C., Jiao, Y. and Kai, Q. (2025) “The influence of vertical coastal land movement on relative sea level rise: a case study of Shanghai, China”, Earth Sciences Research Journal, 29(2). doi: 10.15446/esrj.v29n2.118098.

IEEE

[1]
B. Wen, M. Yu, C. Liu, Y. Jiao, and Q. Kai, “The influence of vertical coastal land movement on relative sea level rise: a case study of Shanghai, China”, Earth sci. res. j., vol. 29, no. 2, Jul. 2025.

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Wen, B., M. Yu, C. Liu, Y. Jiao, and Q. Kai. “The influence of vertical coastal land movement on relative sea level rise: a case study of Shanghai, China”. Earth Sciences Research Journal, vol. 29, no. 2, July 2025, doi:10.15446/esrj.v29n2.118098.

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Wen, Beining, Miao Yu, Chong Liu, Yan Jiao, and Qihang Kai. “The influence of vertical coastal land movement on relative sea level rise: a case study of Shanghai, China”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 29, no. 2 (July 16, 2025). Accessed December 29, 2025. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/118098.

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1.
Wen B, Yu M, Liu C, Jiao Y, Kai Q. The influence of vertical coastal land movement on relative sea level rise: a case study of Shanghai, China. Earth sci. res. j. [Internet]. 2025 Jul. 16 [cited 2025 Dec. 29];29(2). Available from: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/118098

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