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Regional Displacement in Malatya and Adjacent Regions (Eastern Anatolia) Induced by the February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes (Mw 7.7, Mw 7.6)
Desplazamiento regional en Malatya y alrededores (este de Anatolia) provocado por los terremotos de Kahramanmaraş del 6 de febrero de 2023 (Mw 7,7, Mw 7,6)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v29n3.119786Keywords:
Malatya, Eastern Anatolia Fault zone, earthquake, GNSS, seismicity, deformation (en)Malatya, zona de fallas del Este de Anatolia, terremoto, GNSS, seismicidad, deformación (es)
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On February 6, 2023, two major earthquakes (Mw 7.7 and Mw 7.6) struck Kahramanmaraş, significantly affecting Eastern Anatolia. The tectonic structure of Malatya and its surroundings, including the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ) and the Malatya Fault, plays a crucial role in the region's seismicity. Following the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes, two moderate earthquakes (Mw 5.3 and Mw 5.0) occurred in Malatya in August 2023, causing panic among the locals. GNSS data from Continuously Operating Reference Stations-Turkey (CORS-TR) were analyzed in this study to investigate the tectonic activity in and around Malatya and assess how the stress accumulated after the February 2023 earthquakes may have influenced this region. Firstly, the displacements in Eastern Anatolia between January 1 and March 1, 2023, were calculated to evaluate the immediate effects of the February 6 earthquakes. Then, GNSS data from March 2 to December 31, 2023, were processed to examine the ongoing tectonic behavior. Additionally, seismic activity during the same period was analyzed, revealing the occurrence of several moderate earthquakes potentially linked to the February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. The GNSS results indicate that most stations show continued tectonic motion, suggesting that stress changes induced by the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes still influence the region. Furthermore, the lack of stabilization at the stations highlights the persistence of postseismic deformation. The spatial correlation between observed seismicity and displacement vectors emphasizes that the Malatya segment of the EAFZ remains a significant zone of strain accumulation and release. Stations such as MLY1 (Malatya), APK1 (Arapgir, Malatya), and ADY1 (Adıyaman) continued to move in the same direction observed during the mainshock, pointing to ongoing afterslip. Moreover, stations farther from the rupture zone (e.g., SUF1 (Sanlıurfa), HAT2 (Hatay), GURU (Gürün, Sivas)) exhibited consistent displacement patterns, indicating that postseismic deformation extended across a broad area, including the Arabian Plate and the back-arc region north of the fault. These findings underline the long-term impact of the February 6, 2023, earthquakes on regional seismic activity and demonstrate the importance of integrating geodetic and seismic data for ongoing hazard assessment in Eastern Anatolia.
El 6 de febrero de 2023, dos terremotos (Mw 7.7 and Mw 7.6) ocurrieron en Kahramanmaraş, y causaron afectaciones en el este de Anatolia (Turquía). La estructura tectónica de Malatya y sus alrededores, incluidas la Zona de Fallas de Anatolia y la falla de Malatya, juega un papel crucial en la seismicidad de la región. Despues de los terremotos en Kahramanmaraş, dos terremotos moderados (Mw 5.3 and Mw 5.0) en Malatya en agosto de 2023, y causaron pánico entre los habitantes. En este estudio se analiza la información GNSS de las estaciones de referencia de operacion continua de Turquía (CORS-TR) para investigar la actividad tectónica en y alrededor de Malatya y evaluar cómo el estrés acumulado después de los terremotos de febrero de 2023 pueden haber influenciado en la región. Inicialmente se calcularon los desplazamientos en el este de Anatolia entre el primero de enero y el primero de marzo de 2023 para evaluar los efectos inmediatos de los terremotos del 6 de febrero. Luego se procesó la información GNSS del dos de marzo hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2023 para examinar el comportamiento tectónico del período. Adicionalmente, se analizó la actividad sísmica en el mismo período, lo que revela la ocurrencia de varios terremotos moderados potencialmente relacionados con los terremos de Kahramanmaraş de febrero de 2023. Los resultados GNSS indican que la mayoría de estaciones muestran continuos movimientos tectónicos, lo que demuestra que los cambios de estrés generados por los terremotos de Kahramanmaraş aún tienen influencia en la región. Además, la falta de estabilización de las estaciones resalta la persistencia de la deformación postsísmica. La correlación espacial entre la sismicidad observada y los vectores de desplazamiento enfatiza que el segmento Malatya de la EAFZ sigue siendo una zona significativa de acumulación y liberación de deformaciones. Estaciones como MLY1 (Malatya), APK1 (Arapgir, Malatya) y ADY1 (Adıyaman) continuaron moviéndose en la misma dirección observada durante el sismo principal, lo que apunta a un deslizamiento posterior en curso. Además, las estaciones más alejadas de la zona de ruptura (por ejemplo, SUF1 (Sanlıurfa), HAT2 (Hatay), GURU (Gürün, Sivas)) exhibieron patrones de desplazamiento consistentes, lo que indica que la deformación postsísmica se extendió a través de un área amplia, incluyendo la Placa Arábiga y la región de retroarco al norte de la falla. Estos hallazgos subrayan el impacto a largo plazo de los terremotos del 6 de febrero de 2023 en la actividad sísmica regional y demuestran la importancia de integrar datos geodésicos y sísmicos para la evaluación continua de riesgos en Anatolia Oriental.
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