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Assessment of Groundwater Potential Using Geospatial Technology and Multi-Criteria Evaluation Techniques of Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria
Evaluación del potencial de aguas subterráneas a través de tecnología geoespacial y técnicas de evaluación multicriterio en Ibadan, estado de Oyo, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v29n4.120079Keywords:
Groundwater Occurrence, MCDA, Geospatial data, Geoenvironmental factors, Multicollinearity, linear Regression (en)Ocurrencia de aguas subterráneas, MCDA, datos geoespaciales, factores geoambientales, multicolinealidad, regresión lineal (es)
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One of the major challenges facing many nations is the lack of reliable access to an adequate water supply, particularly in areas where people struggle to obtain water for domestic use, agriculture, and industry. Because of this, it is essential to develop dependable methods that can accurately identify and allocate groundwater resources. In this study, we used integrated approaches to map the groundwater prospect zones in the Ibadan metropolis of Oyo State, Nigeria. Eleven distinct thematic parameters were formulated to demarcate areas with groundwater potential: slope (S), proximity to the water table (PSWT), geomorphology (G), drainage density (DD), landuse/landcover (LU/LC), elevation (E), lineament density (LD), soil types (ST), land-surface temperature (LST), geology (GE), and rainfall (R). Each of these eleven layers was assigned a weight through Saaty’s Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) before being combined and processed within the ArcGIS platform to produce a comprehensive groundwater potential zoning model. The groundwater potential map that was produced was divided into five distinct recharge zones. Areas classified as “very high” and “high” potential were found primarily in the southwestern, northwestern, and part of the northern sections of Ibadan. A “moderate” potential zone stretched across the study area from the southeastern corner up to the northeastern side. The southeastern and northeastern portions of the investigated region exhibited “low” and “very low” potential, respectively. Because the underlying bedrock lacks primary porosity, overall groundwater occurrence in the study area tends to be limited. Nonetheless, the zones identified as having very high to moderate potential can serve as valuable guides for individuals, institutions, governments, and policymakers as they plan sustainable groundwater exploration and management strategies.
Uno de los principales retos que enfrentan muchas naciones es la falta de acceso confiable a un suministro de agua adecuado para uso doméstico, agrícola e industrial. Por ello, es esencial desarrollar métodos confiables para identificar y asignar con precisión los recursos de agua subterránea. En este estudio se emplearon enfoques integrados para cartografiar las zonas prospectivas de aguas subterráneas en Ibadan, estado de Oyo, Nigeria. Se formularon once parámetros temáticos distintos para delimitar las áreas con potencial de aguas subterráneas: pendiente (S), proximidad al nivel freático (PSWT), geomorfología (G), densidad de drenaje (DD), uso/cobertura del suelo (LU/LC), altitud (E), densidad de lineamientos (LD), tipos de suelo (ST), temperatura superficial terrestre (LST), geología (GE) y precipitación (R). Cada una de estas once capas recibió un peso mediante el Proceso Analítico Jerárquico (AHP) de Saaty, antes de ser combinadas y procesadas en ArcGIS para producir un modelo integral de zonificación del potencial de las aguas subterráneas. El mapa de potencial de aguas subterráneas resultante se dividió en cinco zonas de recarga diferenciadas. Las áreas clasificadas como de "potencial muy alto" y "alto" se localizaron principalmente en las secciones suroeste, noroeste y parte del norte de Ibadan. Una zona de "potencial moderado" se extendió a lo largo del área de estudio, desde la esquina sureste hasta el lado noreste. Las porciones sureste y noreste de la región investigada presentaron potenciales "bajo" y "muy bajo", respectivamente. Debido a que el basamento subyacente carece de porosidad primaria, la ocurrencia general de aguas subterráneas en el área de estudio es limitada. No obstante, las zonas identificadas como de potencial de moderado a muy alto pueden servir de guía valiosa para individuos, instituciones, gobiernos y responsables de políticas al planificar estrategias sostenibles de exploración y gestión de las aguas subterráneas.
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