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Segmented fault activity as a driving mechanism for multiphase fan delta lateral migration: A case study from the Paleogene Strata of Block G, Wenchang Sag, South China Sea
Actividad de fallas segmentadas como mecanismo impulsor de la migración lateral multifásica de deltas de abanico: Un estudio de caso en los estratos del Paleógeno del Bloque G, depresión Wenchang, Mar de China Meridional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v29n4.120621Keywords:
Rift Lake Basin, Fan Delta, Lateral Migration, Fault Segmentation Activity, Wenchang Sag (en)Cuenca lacustre de rift, delta de abanico, migración lateral, actividad de segmentación de fallas, depresión Wenchang (es)
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The fan delta in the steep slope zone of a rift lake basin is an important oil and gas reservoir unit. The development of vertical multi-stage fan deltas has certain inheritance and vertical non-overlapping characteristics. The driving mechanism of the overall lateral migration of such multi-stage fan deltas is currently not completely clear. Taking the fan delta in the Paleogene steep slope zone of Block G in the Wenchang Sag in the northern South China Sea as the research object, based on core, logging, drilling data and high-precision 3D seismic data, using seismic facies analysis and fault displacement-rate analysis techniques to analyze the driving effect of fault segmentation activities on the lateral migration of the fan delta. The results show that: (1) The vertical multi-stage fan deltas show inherited development characteristics, and the plane shows lateral migration characteristics, with a migration rate of 0.1-0.5 km/Ma; (2) The center position of the fan delta is highly correlated with the low-velocity zone of fault activity, and 80% of the research samples are distributed in the low-velocity zone of fault activity; (3) The migration of the fan delta shows a two-stage driving characteristic of "fault-dominated positioning - geomorphic dynamic regulation". In the early stage, the segmented activity of the fault controls the injection position of the detritus in the uplift area into the lake basin. After the detritus enters the lake, it locally transforms the accommodation space in the basin, dynamically adjusts the sedimentary geomorphology, and then reshapes the sedimentary path and drives the lateral migration of the fan body.
Un delta de abanico en la zona de pendiente pronunciada de una cuenca lacustre de rift constituye una unidad de reservorio de petróleo y gas de gran importancia. El desarrollo de deltas de abanico verticales y multietapa presenta características de herencia y ausencia de superposición vertical. Actualmente, el mecanismo que impulsa la migración lateral de estos deltas de abanico multietapa no está completamente claro. El objeto de estudio de este trabajo es el delta de abanico de la zona de pendiente pronunciada del Paleógeno en el Bloque G de la depresión Wenchang, en el norte del Mar de China Meridional, y permitió analizar los efectos de la segmentación de fallas sobre la migración lateral del delta utilizando datos de núcleos, registros, perforaciones y sísmica 3D de alta precisión, con técnicas de análisis de facies sísmicas y de tasas de desplazamiento de fallas. Los resultados indican lo siguiente: (1) Los deltas de abanico multietapa muestran características de desarrollo heredado en sentido vertical, y en planta presentan migración lateral, con una tasa de migración de 0,1-0,5 km/Ma; (2) La posición central del delta de abanico está altamente correlacionada con la zona de baja velocidad de actividad de fallas, y el 80% de las muestras analizadas se ubican en esta zona; (3) La migración del delta de abanico muestra una característica de doble etapa impulsada por el "posicionamiento dominado por fallas – regulación dinámica geomorfológica". En la etapa inicial, la actividad segmentada de la falla controla la posición de inyección de los detritos desde la zona de realce hacia la cuenca lacustre. Tras su ingreso, los detritos transforman localmente el espacio de acomodación de la cuenca, ajustan dinámicamente la geomorfología sedimentaria y, posteriormente, redefinen la ruta de sedimentación e impulsan la migración lateral del cuerpo del abanico.
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