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Fluctuaciones de la temperatura superficial del mar del Pacífico tropical nororiental extremo no asociadas a ENSO
Non-ENSO Fluctuations of Sea Surface Temperature variability in the Far Northeastern tropical Pacific
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v29n4.122307Keywords:
Pacífico tropical nororiental extremo, ENOS, El Niño costero (es)Far Northeastern tropical Pacific, ENSO, coastal El Niño (en)
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Mediante el análisis de anomalías de temperatura superficial del mar (SSTA) en el extremo nororiental del Pacífico tropical (0°–10°N, 80°W–100°W), frente a las costas de Centroamérica, utilizando datos de reanálisis para el período 1982–2018 y aplicando técnicas de correlación lineal, se evidencian episodios de calentamiento anómalo no asociados al fenómeno El Niño en la franja ecuatorial (5°S–5°N). El evento de 2014 confirma que estos calentamientos generan efectos climáticos similares a los producidos por El Niño, sin embargo se dificulta su diferenciación. Los eventos identificados presentan características comparables al denominado El Niño costero observado frente a Perú. Para distinguirlos, se propone la clasificación El Niño costero-inca y El Niño costero-maya, debido al ámbito geográfico de ocurrencia. Se plantea la hipótesis de que estos calentamientos podrían tener un origen extratropical y estar vinculados a fluctuaciones en el Giro del Pacífico Norte. Estos hallazgos abren una nueva línea de investigación sobre fenómenos océano-atmosféricos regionales y contribuyen a mejorar la comprensión de los procesos que fortalecen el diagnóstico y la predicción climática en región.
An analysis of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in the far northeastern tropical Pacific (0°–10°N, 80°W–100°W), off the coast of Central America, using reanalysis data for the period 1982–2018 and applying linear correlation techniques, reveals anomalous warming episodes not associated with El Niño events within the equatorial band (5°S–5°N). The 2014 event confirms that these warmings produce climatic impacts comparable to those generated by El Niño, although their differentiation remains challenging. The identified episodes exhibit characteristics like the Coastal El Niño observed off Peru. To distinguish them, the classifications Coastal Inca El Niño and Coastal Maya El Niño are proposed, according to their geographic domain of occurrence. It is hypothesized that these warmings may originate from extratropical processes and could be linked to fluctuations in the North Pacific Gyre. These findings open a new line of research into regional ocean–atmosphere phenomena and contribute to advancing the understanding of processes that strengthen climate diagnostics and prediction in the region.
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