Published

2026-05-27

Evolution Process and Sedimentary Filling Characteristics of Typical Half-Graben Lacustrine Basins: A Case Study of the Paleogene in X Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin

Proceso evolutivo y características de relleno sedimentario de cuencas lacustres típicas de semi-graben: un estudio de caso del Paleógeno en el Sag X de la Cuenca de la Boca del Río de las Perlas

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v30n1.123547

Keywords:

Half-graben lacustrine basin, Sedimentary filling, Paleo-geomorphology, Sedimentary system (en)
depocentro lacustre continental de tipo semi-graben, relleno sedimentario, paleogeomorfología, sistema sedimentario (es)

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Authors

  • Wenze Duan School of Earth Sciences, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Hei Longjiang 163318, China
  • Baiquan Yan School of Earth Sciences, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Hei Longjiang 163318, China
  • Yu Sun School of Earth Sciences
  • Daotao Dong Sanya Offshore Oil& Gas Research Institute of Northeast Petroleum University, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China
  • Pengjie Ma School of Earth Sciences, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Hei Longjiang 163318, China

The X Sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin is a typical continental half-graben lacustrine basin, characterized by multi-episodic tectonic evolution and complex structural deformation, resulting in significant variations in sedimentary body development. The sedimentary filling process of this sag holds critical implications for hydrocarbon exploration. Based on drilling data and high-resolution 3D seismic data, this study investigates the stratigraphic characteristics, paleo-geomorphological features, and sedimentary system distribution to reveal the sedimentary filling characteristics of the X Sag. The results indicate the following: (1) During the geological evolution of the X Sag, the early depositional period of the Wenchang Formation was dominated by multiple small lacustrine basins, which later evolved into a preliminary unified large lacustrine basin. The Enping Formation depositional period was characterized by extensive deep and semi-deep lacustrine environments, while the Zhuhai Formation depositional period transitioned into a semi-restricted shallow marine environment. (2) Four sedimentary filling patterns are identified in the X Sag. The sedimentary systems in the steep and gentle slopes of the half-graben lacustrine basin exhibit significant differences. Coarse-grained fan deltas are widely developed in the steep slope zone, with thick sedimentary deposits, coarse grain size, and poor sorting. In contrast, the gentle slope zone is dominated by braided river deltas and shallow lacustrine deposits. (3) The delta and fan delta sand bodies in the third member of the Zhuhai Formation, combined with the source rocks of the Enping Formation and the tidal flat mudstones of the first member of the Zhuhai Formation, form an excellent source-reservoir-cap assemblage. This assemblage represents a favorable target for hydrocarbon exploration in the Paleogene strata of the X Sag.

El Sag X en la Cuenca de la Boca del Río de las Perlas es un típico depocentro lacustre continental de tipo semi-graben, caracterizado por una evolución tectónica multiepisódica y una deformación estructural compleja, lo que resulta en variaciones significativas en el desarrollo de los cuerpos sedimentarios. El proceso de relleno sedimentario de este sag tiene implicaciones críticas para la exploración de hidrocarburos. Basándose en datos de perforación y datos sísmicos 3D de alta resolución, este estudio investiga las características estratigráficas, los rasgos paleogeomorfológicos y la distribución de los sistemas sedimentarios para revelar las características del relleno sedimentario del Sag X. Los resultados indican lo siguiente: (1) Durante la evolución geológica del Sag X, el periodo de depositación temprana de la Formación Wenchang estuvo dominado por múltiples pequeños lagos, que posteriormente evolucionaron hacia una gran cuenca lacustre unificada de forma preliminar. El periodo de depositación de la Formación Enping se caracterizó por ambientes lacustres profundos y semi-profundos extensos, mientras que el periodo de depositación de la Formación Zhuhai transitó hacia un ambiente marino somero semi-restringido. (2) Se identifican cuatro patrones de relleno sedimentario en el Sag X. Los sistemas sedimentarios en las laderas abruptas y suaves del semi-graben lacustre presentan diferencias significativas. Los deltas tipo abanico de grano grueso se desarrollan ampliamente en la zona de ladera abrupta, con depósitos sedimentarios gruesos, granulometría gruesa y mala selección. Por el contrario, la zona de ladera suave está dominada por deltas de ríos entrelazados y depósitos lacustres someros. (3) Los cuerpos arenosos de delta y delta tipo abanico en el tercer miembro de la Formación Zhuhai, combinados con las rocas generadoras de la Formación Enping y las lutitas de planicie mareal del primer miembro de la Formación Zhuhai, conforman un excelente conjunto generador-reservorio-sello. Este conjunto representa un objetivo favorable para la exploración de hidrocarburos en los estratos paleógenos del Sag X.

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How to Cite

APA

Duan, W., Yan, B., Sun, Y., Dong, D. & Ma, P. (2026). Evolution Process and Sedimentary Filling Characteristics of Typical Half-Graben Lacustrine Basins: A Case Study of the Paleogene in X Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 30(1), 83–90. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v30n1.123547

ACM

[1]
Duan, W., Yan, B., Sun, Y., Dong, D. and Ma, P. 2026. Evolution Process and Sedimentary Filling Characteristics of Typical Half-Graben Lacustrine Basins: A Case Study of the Paleogene in X Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin. Earth Sciences Research Journal. 30, 1 (May 2026), 83–90. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v30n1.123547.

ACS

(1)
Duan, W.; Yan, B.; Sun, Y.; Dong, D.; Ma, P. Evolution Process and Sedimentary Filling Characteristics of Typical Half-Graben Lacustrine Basins: A Case Study of the Paleogene in X Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin. Earth sci. res. j. 2026, 30, 83-90.

ABNT

DUAN, W.; YAN, B.; SUN, Y.; DONG, D.; MA, P. Evolution Process and Sedimentary Filling Characteristics of Typical Half-Graben Lacustrine Basins: A Case Study of the Paleogene in X Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin. Earth Sciences Research Journal, [S. l.], v. 30, n. 1, p. 83–90, 2026. DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v30n1.123547. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/123547. Acesso em: 20 jul. 2026.

Chicago

Duan, Wenze, Baiquan Yan, Yu Sun, Daotao Dong, and Pengjie Ma. 2026. “Evolution Process and Sedimentary Filling Characteristics of Typical Half-Graben Lacustrine Basins: A Case Study of the Paleogene in X Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 30 (1):83-90. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v30n1.123547.

Harvard

Duan, W., Yan, B., Sun, Y., Dong, D. and Ma, P. (2026) “Evolution Process and Sedimentary Filling Characteristics of Typical Half-Graben Lacustrine Basins: A Case Study of the Paleogene in X Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin”, Earth Sciences Research Journal, 30(1), pp. 83–90. doi: 10.15446/esrj.v30n1.123547.

IEEE

[1]
W. Duan, B. Yan, Y. Sun, D. Dong, and P. Ma, “Evolution Process and Sedimentary Filling Characteristics of Typical Half-Graben Lacustrine Basins: A Case Study of the Paleogene in X Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin”, Earth sci. res. j., vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 83–90, May 2026.

MLA

Duan, W., B. Yan, Y. Sun, D. Dong, and P. Ma. “Evolution Process and Sedimentary Filling Characteristics of Typical Half-Graben Lacustrine Basins: A Case Study of the Paleogene in X Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin”. Earth Sciences Research Journal, vol. 30, no. 1, May 2026, pp. 83-90, doi:10.15446/esrj.v30n1.123547.

Turabian

Duan, Wenze, Baiquan Yan, Yu Sun, Daotao Dong, and Pengjie Ma. “Evolution Process and Sedimentary Filling Characteristics of Typical Half-Graben Lacustrine Basins: A Case Study of the Paleogene in X Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 30, no. 1 (May 27, 2026): 83–90. Accessed July 20, 2026. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/123547.

Vancouver

1.
Duan W, Yan B, Sun Y, Dong D, Ma P. Evolution Process and Sedimentary Filling Characteristics of Typical Half-Graben Lacustrine Basins: A Case Study of the Paleogene in X Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin. Earth sci. res. j. [Internet]. 2026 May 27 [cited 2026 Jul. 20];30(1):83-90. Available from: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/123547

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