Published

2014-07-01

Critical undrained shear strength of sand-silt mixtures under monotonic loading

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v18n2.42492

Keywords:

sand, silt, static liquefaction, undrained, strength, density (en)
Arena, cieno, licuación estática, no drenaje, tensión, densidad (es)

Downloads

Authors

  • Mohamed Bensoula University of Mostaganem - Department of civil and architecture
  • Hanifi Missoum Transports and Environment Protection (LCTPE) - Laboratory of Construction
  • Karim Bendani Transports and Environment Protection (LCTPE) - Laboratory of Construction

This study uses experimental triaxial tests with monotonic loading to develop empirical relationships to estimate undrained critical shear strength. The effect of the fines content on undrained shear strength is analyzed for different density states. The parametric analysis indicates that, based on the soil void ratio and fine content properties, the undrained critical shear strength first increases and then decreases as the proportion of fines increases, which demonstrates the influence of fine content on a soil's vulnerability to liquefaction. A series of monotonic undrained triaxial tests were performed on reconstituted saturated sand-silt mixtures. Beyond 30% fines content, a fraction of the silt participates in the soil's skeleton chain force. In this context, the concept of the equivalent intergranular void ratio may be an appropriate parameter to express the critical shear strength of the studied soil. This parameter is able to control the undrained shear strength of non-plastic silt and sand mixtures with different densities.

Este estudio utiliza evaluaciones experimentales triaxiales con cargas repetitivas para desarrollar relaciones empíricas y estimar la tensión crítica de corte bajo condiciones no drenadas. El efecto de contenido de finos en la tensión de corte sin drenar se analizó en diferentes estados de densidad. El análisis paramétrico indica que, basado en la porosidad del suelo y las propiedades del material de finos, la tensión de corte sin drenar primero se incrementa y luego decrece mientras la proporción de finos aumenta, lo que demuestra la influencia de contenido de finos en la vulnerabilidad del suelo a la licuación. Una serie de las evaluaciones se realizó en mezclas rehidratadas y saturadas de arena y cieno. Másá del 30 % de los contenidos finos, una fracción del cieno hace parte principal de la cadena de fuerza del suelo. En este contexto, el concepto de porosidad equivalente intergranular puede ser un parámetro apropiado para expresar la tensión crítica de corte del suelo estudiado. Este parámetro nos permite controlar la tensión de corte sin drenar de cieno no plástico y mezclas de arena de densidades diferentes.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

ASTM D2487-11(2011) "Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)" ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. DOI: 10.1520/D2487-11.

ASTM D4767-02 (2004). "Standard test method for consolidated undrained triaxial compression test for cohesive soils." American Society for Testing and Materials, Vol. 04.08, pp. 1-13.

Boulanger, R. W., & Idriss, I. M. (2006). "Liquefaction susceptibility criteria for silts and clays." Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, 132(11), 1413-1426. doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:11(1413).

Bray, J. D., & Sancio, R. B. (2006). "Assessment of the liquefaction susceptibility of fine-grained soils." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,132(9), 1165-1177. doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:9(1165).

Chang, N. Y., Yeh, S. T., & Kaufman, L. P. (1982). "Liquefaction potential of clean and silty sands." In Proceedings of the Third International Earthquake Microzonation Conference, Vol. 2, pp. 1017-1032.

Fourie, A. B., & Tshabalala, L. (2005). "Initiation of static liquefaction and the role of K0consolidation." Canadian geotechnical journal, 42(3), 892-906. dx.doi.org/10.1139/t05-026.

Holzer, T. L., Bennett, M. J., Ponti, D. J., & Tinsley III, J. C. (1999). "Liquefaction and soil failure during 1994 Northridge earthquake." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 125(6), 438-452. doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1999)125:6(438).

Ishihara, K. (1993). "Liquefaction and Flow Failure during earthquakes." Géotechnique, 43(3),351-415. icevirtuallibrary.com/content/article/10.1680/geot.1993.43.3.351.

Koester, J. P. (1994). "The influence of fines type and content on cyclic strength." In Ground failures under seismic conditions (pp. 17-33). ASCE.

Kokusho, T., Nagao, Y., Ito, F., & Fukuyama, T. (2014). "Sand Liquefaction Observed During Recent Earthquake and Basic Laboratory Studies on Aging Effect." In Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering Design (pp. 75-92). Springer International Publishing. doi :10.1007/978-3-319-03182-8_3.

Kramer, S. L., & Seed, H. B. (1988). "Initiation of soil liquefaction under static loading conditions." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 114(4), 412-430. dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1988)114:4(412).

Ladd, R. S. (1974). "Specimen Preparation and Liquefaction of Sands." Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, 100(10), 1180-1184.

Maheshwari, B. K., & Patel, A. K. (2010). "Effects of non-plastic silts on liquefaction potential of Solani sand." Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 28(5), 559-566.doi.org/10.1007/s10706-010-9310-z.

McGeary, R. K. (1961). "Mechanical packing of spherical particles." Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 44(10), 513-522. dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1961.tb13716.x.

Mulilis, J. P., Arulanandan, K., Mitchell, J. K., Chan, C. K., & Seed, H. B. (1977). "Effects of sample preparation on sand liquefaction." Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, 103(2), 91-108.

Ni, Q., Tan, T.S., Dasari, G.R., & Hight, D.W. (2004). "Contribution of fines to the compressive strength of mixed soils." Geotechnique, 54(9): 561-569. refdoc.fr/Detailnotice?idarticle=8461334.

Olson, S., & Stark, T. (2003). "Yield strength ratio and liquefaction analysis of slopes and embankments." J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 129(8), 727-737. doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2003)129:8(727).

Pitman, T. D., Robertson, P. K., & Sego, D. C. (1994). "Influence of fines on the collapse of loose sands." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 31(5), 728-739. doi/abs/10.1139/t94-084.

Prakash, S., & Puri, V. K. (2010). "Recent advances in liquefaction of fine grained soils." In 5th international conference on recent advances in geotechnical earthquake engineering and soil dynamics, San Diego, California, pp. 1-6.

Prunier, F., Laouafa, F. & Darve, F. (2009). "Material stability analysis based on the local and global elasto-plastic tangent operators." Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Computational, Geomechanics (COMGEO I), pp. 215-225.

Rahman, M.M., Le, S.R., & Gnanendran, C.T. (2008) "On equivalent granular void ratio and steady state behaviour of loose sand with fines" Can Geotech J 45(10):1439-1455. dx.doi.org/10.1139/T08-064.

Seed, H. B., Idriss, I. M., & Arango, I. (1983). "Evaluation of liquefaction potential using field performance data". Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 109(3), 458-482. doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1983)109:3(458).

Shen, C.K., Vrymoed, J.L., & Uyeno, C.K. (1977). "The effects of fines on liquefaction of sands." Proc., 9th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Tokyo, 381-385.

Shenthan, T. (2005). "Liquefaction mitigation in silty soils using composite stone column." Ph. D. Dissertation, university at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.

Schofield, A., & Wroth, P. (1968). "Critical state soil mechanics." London, McGraw-Hill.

Thevanayagam, S., & Mohan, S. (2000). "Intergranular state variables and stress-strain behaviour of silty sands." Geotechnique, 50(1), 1-23. doi:10.1680/geot.2000.50.1.1.

Thevanayagam, S., Shenthan, T., & Kanagalingam, T. (2003). "Role of Intergranular Contacts on Mechanisms Causing Liquefaction & Slope Failures in Silty Sands." In Final report, USGS Award No. 01HQGR0032 and 99HQGR0021. U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, Reston, Va.

Thevanayagam, S., Shenthan, T., Mohan, S., & Liang, J. (2002). "Undrained fragility of clean sands, silty sands, and sandy silts." Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, 128(10), 849-859.

Troncoso, J. H., & Verdugo, R. (1985). "Silt content and dynamic behavior of tailing sands." In Proc., XI Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, pp. 1311-1314.

Vaid, Y.P. (1994). "Liquefaction of silty soils." In Ground Failures under Seismic Conditions. Geotechnical Special Publication No. 44. American Society of Civil Engineers. pp. 1-16.

Vaid, Y. P., & Chern, J. C. (1983). "Mechanism of deformation during cyclic undrained loading of saturated sands." International Journal of Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2(3), 171-177. doi.org/10.1016/0261-7277 (83) 90014-1.

Vaid, Y. P., Sivathayalan, S., & Stedman, D. (1999). "Influence of specimen-reconstituting method on the undrained response of sand." ASTM geotechnical testing journal, 22(3), 187-195. refdoc.fr/Detailnotice?idarticle=11381016.

Wang, W. S. (1979). "Some Findings in Soil Liquefaction." Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power Scientific Research Institute, Beijing, China.

Yamamuro, J. A., & Kelly, M. C. (2001). "Monotonic and cyclic liquefaction of very loose sands with high silt content." Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, 127(4), 314-324. doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:4(314).

Yamamuro, J. A., & Lade, P. V. (1997). "Static liquefaction of very loose sands." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 34(6), 905-917. doi.org/10.1139/t97-057.

Yamamuro, J. A., & Lade, P. V. (1998). "Steady-state concepts and static liquefaction of silty sands." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 124(9), 868-877. doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1998)124:9(868).

Yang, S.L., Lacasse, S., & Sandven, R.F. (2006). "Determination of the transitional fines content of mixtures of sand and non plastic fines." Geotech Test J 29(2):102-107. hrefdoc.fr/Detailnotice?idarticle=6662871.

Zlatovic, S., & Ishihara, K. (1995). "On the Influence of Non-Plastic Fines on Residual Strength." Proceedings of the first International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, Tokyo, pp. 14-16.

License

Copyright (c) 2015 Earth Sciences Research Journal

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Earth Sciences Research Journal holds a Creative Commons Attribution license. 

You are free to:

Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.

The Earth Sciences Research Journal is the copyright holder for these license attributes.