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Multi-fractal Behaviors of long term daily relative humidity and temperature observed over Benin synoptic stations (West Africa)
Comportamientos multifractales de las series temporales de temperatura observadas en las estaciones sinópticas de Benin (Africa Occidental)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v23n4.51863Keywords:
Benin synoptic station, scaling exponent, multi-fractal detrended fluctuation analysis, temperature and humidity. (en)Benín, exponente de escalado, MFDFA, espectro de singularidad, temperatura, dinámica no lineal. (es)
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The multifractal structure of daily temperature and relative humidity is investigated in this study. Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MFDFA) method has been applied on data observed from 1967 to 2012 at the six synoptic stations of Benin (Cotonou, Bohicon, Parakou, Save, Natitingou and Kandi). We estimate the generalized Hurst exponent, the Renyi exponent, and the singularity spectrum from the data to quantify the multi-fractal behaviors. The results show that multi-fractality exists in both daily humidity and temperature record at Benin synoptic stations. It shows multi-fractality with the curves of h (q), τ (q) and D (q), depending on the values of q. The comparison of the multifractal properties shows that, at all the synoptic stations, the multifractal strength of the temperature is significantly different from the feature the humidity.
For the temperature, among the six study sites, the multifractal strength at Natitingou is largest (∆α = 0.6917). This means that Natitingou is the city in which the multifractal property is strongly observed for temperature. At Parakou the multifractal strength is smallest (∆α = 0.5252), meaning that Parakou is the city in which the multifractal property is weakly observed. At all synoptic stations the multifractal strength are superior to 0.5 (Δα> 0.5) indicating the degree of multifractal in temperature time series.
For the relative humidity, multifractal strength is smallest Kandi (∆α = 0.3031). This means that Kandi is the city in which the multifractal property is weakly observed. Furthermore, the multifractal strength of Parakou is largest (∆α = 0.7691) meaning that for the relative humidity, Parakou is the city in which the multifractal property is strongly observed. The geographic distribution of the multifractal strength reflects the role of climate dynamic processes on the multi-fractal behavior of humidity and the distinctiveness of physical processes in Benin.
En este estudio, el análisis de la fluctuación multifractal descendente es aplicado a diversos tiempos de temperatura cotidiana en estaciones sinópticas en Benín de 1967 a 2012. El objetivo es examinar el nivel de multifractalidad y comparar las características multifractales de temperatura en varias zonas climáticas (subecuatorial y sudanés). El análisis muestra que los diversos tiempos de temperatura diaria presentan un comportamiento multifractal, que son sensitivos a la posición geográfica de la estación y que hay una correlación positiva a largo plazo. Las condiciones climáticas y la posición geográfica de la estación sinóptica afectan la forma y la característica del espectro de la temperatura. La multifractalidad es más fuerte en la región subecuatorial que en la sudanesa. Se encontró que la mayor fuente de multifractalidad en las diversas temperaturas consiste en una función probabilística de colas pesadas. Sin embargo, correlaciones de gran autonomía también se corresponden con las características multifractales. Excepto la estación sinóptica de Kandi, el espectro inclina a la izquierda la asimetría estadística. Los hallazgos señalan la utilidad del análisis no lineal en la investigación climática debido a las interacciones complejas entre los procesos naturales. Este estudio permite comprender los mecanismos que manejan la dinámica de las series temporales de la temperatura en Benin.
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