Published

2017-04-01

Diffraction Characteristics of Small Fault ahead of tunnel face in coal roadway

Características de difracción del frente de una falla pequeña en el socavón de un túnel de una mina de carbón

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v21n2.64938

Keywords:

Coal roadway, Small fault, Diffraction, Reflected channel wave (en)
Calzada de carbón, pequeña falla, difracción, onda de canal reflejada (es)

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Authors

  • Bo Wang State Key Laboratory of Deep Geomechanics & Underground Engineering and School of Resource and Earth Science, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
  • Shengdong Liu State Key Laboratory of Deep Geomechanics & Underground Engineering and School of Resource and Earth Science, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
  • Fubao Zhou School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
  • Jun Zhang State Key Laboratory of Deep Geomechanics & Underground Engineering and School of Resource and Earth Science, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
  • Fangkun Zheng State Key Laboratory of Deep Geomechanics & Underground Engineering and School of Resource and Earth Science, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China

Small fault ahead of the tunnel face in coal roadway is the important hidden hazard factor of coal and gas outburst accidents. The study of small fault prediction has important practical significance, which is the urgent demand of coal mine safety production. The diffraction of breakpoint can be used to identify the fault. However, unlike surface seismic exploration, the diffraction is with approximately horizontal incidence when the advanced detection is carried out in the roadway. The common advanced detection system is mainly as the reference of traffic tunnel, without considering the influence of low-velocity coal seam. Considering the influence of an acoustic wave of the roadway cavity and channel wave of the coal seam, the advanced detection model of small fault ahead of tunnel face is established. Diffraction advanced observation system in which sources located in front of tunnel face is constructed, and the numerical calculation of the high-order staggered-grid finite difference is carried out. The simulation results show that: Compared with the data collected by reflection observation system, in seismic records acquired by diffraction observation system, the suppression effect of acoustic wave is appeared. The diffracted P-wave of the breakpoint of component X is clear with strong energy and short-wave group. Multiple diffractions of the breakpoint are not found, but the multiple diffraction of tunnel face endpoint is obvious. The difference between breakpoint diffraction and multiple diffractions of the endpoint is clear, and diffracted P-wave of the breakpoint is easy to identify. The multiple reflected channel wave between the fault and the tunnel face is very obvious, and the reflected channel wave of small fault is so hard to identify. Migration results show that the imaging resolution of diffracted P-wave of small fault is higher than the reflected channel wave, and breakpoint location of imaging is consistent with the actual model.

El frente de una falla pequeña sobre un manto de carbón en el socavón de un túnel es un factor importante no visible debido a los accidentes por explosión en minas de gas y carbón. El estudio de la predicción de falla pequeña tiene un importante sentido práctico: la demanda urgente de seguridad en la producción carbonífera. El punto de quiebre de la difracción puede utilizarse para identificar la falla. Sin embargo, al contrario que la exploración sísmica superficial, la difracción se acerca a la prevalencia horizontal cuando se realiza la detección avanzada en el socavón. El sistema común de detección avanzada se usa principalmente para referenciar el tráfico del túnel, sin considerar la influencia de la baja velocidad en la veta de carbón. Al valorar la respuesta de la onda acústica en la cavidad del socavón y la onda de canal de la veta de carbón se establece el modelo de detección avanzada de pequeña falla para el socavón del túnel. Se construyó el sistema de observación avanzada de difracción en el cual las fuentes se localizan en frente de la cara del túnel y se realizó el cálculo de diferencia finita en una red escalonada de orden alto. Los resultados del modelo muestran que a diferencia de la información recolectada con el sistema de observación de reflexión, en los registros sísmicos adquiridos con el sistema de observación de difracción se puede ver el efecto de supresión de la onda acústica. El punto de quiebre de la onda P difractada para el componente X es claro, con energía fuerte y en el grupo de onda corta. No se encontró el punto de quiebre para difracciones múltiples pero es evidente la difracción múltiple para el punto final de la cara del túnel. Es clara la diferencia entre el punto de ruptura de la difracción y las difracciones múltiples del punto final, mientras el punto de ruptura de la onda P difractada es fácil de identificar. Los resultados de migración muestran que la resolución de imágenes de la onda P difractada de falla pequeña es mayor que la onda de canal reflejada y la ubicación del punto de quiebre de la imagen es consistente con el modelo actual.

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How to Cite

Wang, B., Liu, S., Zhou, F., Zhang, J., & Zheng, F. (2017). Diffraction Characteristics of Small Fault ahead of tunnel face in coal roadway. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 21(2), 95-99. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v21n2.64938