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Trend characteristics of rainy days and evaporation at a tropical rainforest region in East Malaysia, Borneo
Características de tendencia de días lluviosos y evaporación en una región tropical boscosa del este de Malasia, en la isla de Borneo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v24n3.77670Keywords:
Linear regression, Mann Kendall, Sen’s slope, Rainy days, Evaporation (en)Modelo de regresión lineal, técnica de estimación de inclinación, variables climáticas, isla de Borneo (es)
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Impact of climate change over the hydrological system in a region can be identified through statistical characterization of hydrometerological parameters such as rainfall, temperature, humidity and evaporation. In order to understand the influence of climate change, statistical trend characteristics of rainy days, non-rainy days and evaporation rate in the Limbang River Basin (LRB) in Sarawak, Malaysia, Northern Borneo was assessed in the present research. Annual rainfall and monthly evaporation data, over a period of 46 years, (1970 - 2015) corresponding to three rain gauging stations, the Limbang DID, Ukong and Long Napir were used in the research. Linear regression model, Mann Kendall and Sen’s slope estimator techniques were applied to detect the statistical trends in rainy days and evaporation. A statistically significant increasing trend in annual rainy days was found at all the stations. Non-rainy days showed a statistically significant decreasing trend at Limbang DID and Ukong. Monthly evaporation rates showed an overall increasing trend and the greatest increasing trend in evaporation was observed in September (2.55 mm/year) for the Limbang DID and in December (2.61 mm/year) for Ukong. Evaporation measured at the Ukong station also showed a non-significant decrease during June and September. A comparison of the evaporation controlling meteorological variables such as rainfall, temperature and relative humidity indicates inter-influence at various strengths. Along with local precipitation characteristics, wind and fluctuation of atmospheric temperature over the region plays a vital role in increased rate of evaporation from the region. Overall, the analysis identified a statistically significant increasing trend in rainy days and evaporation in the LRB. The results of the present research can be used as critical planning data for micro and macro hydroelectric projects in the river basin.
El impacto del cambio climático en los sistemas hidrológicos de una región pueden identificarse a través de la caracterización estadística de parámetros hidrometeorológicos como la lluvia, la temperatura, la húmedad y la evaporación. Para entender la influencia del cambio climático este estudio evalúa las tendencias estadísticas en los días lluviosos, en los días no lluviosos y en la tasa de evaporación en la cuenca del Río Limbang, en Sarawak, Malasia, al norte de la isla de Borneo. Para la investigación se utlizó la pluviosidad anual y la información mensual de evaporación en un período de 46 años (1970-2015) para tres estaciones pluviométricas: Limbang DID, Ukong y Long Napir. El modelo de regresión lineal y las técnicas de estimación de inclinación de Mann Kendall y Sen se aplicaron para detectar las tendencias estadísticas en días lluviosos y de evaporación. Para todas las estaciones se encontró un incremento en la tendencia anual de días lluviosos. Los días no lluviosos mostraron una baja estadística significativa en las estaciones de Limbang DID y de Ukong. Los índices mensuales de evaporación mostraron mostraron un incremento generalizado, mientras que la mayor tendencia de incremento se observó en los meses de septiembre (2.55 mm/año) para la estación Limbang DID, y para Ukong en los meses de diciembre (2.61 mm/año). La evaporación medida en la estación de Ukong también muestra una baja no significativa para junio y septiembre. Una comparación de la evaporación y del control de variables meteorológicas como la pluviosidad, la temperatura y la húmedad relativa indica una influencia relacionada en varias intensidades. Las características locales de precipitación, de viento y de fluctuación de temperatura atmosférica sobre la región juega un rol importante en el incremento de la evaporación. El análisis identificó una tendencia de incremento estadística significativa en los días lluviosos y de evaporación en la cuenca del Río Limbang. Los resultados del presente estudio pueden usarse como información de planeación determinante para micro y macroproyectos hidroeléctrios en la cuenca del río.
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