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Susceptibility to erosion risks in soils dedicated to the pineapple cultivation in the state of Valle del Cauca, Colombia
Susceptibilidad a riesgos de erosión en suelos dedicados al cultivo de piña en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v25n2.84601Keywords:
Soil losses, rainfall erosivity, USLE, slopes, pineapple (en)Pérdidas del suelo, erosividad, USLE, laderas, piña (es)
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In Colombia almost half of the soils are prone to erosion, where Valle del Cauca is one of the most affected departments with respect to its severity. In order to identify the susceptibility to erosion risks in terms of the rainfall erosivity and the incidence of the topographic factor in the main pineapple producing municipalities of the department, a study was carried out that contemplated the historical climatological information of more than 50 years, for which all available weather stations in the area were selected. The erosivity index (R–EI30), the modified Fournier index (MFI), and the topographic factor (LS) were estimated. The results indicate that the average MFI values ranged between (91.31 and 582.79) which correspond to the moderate, high and very high categories, the results of R-EI30 presented moderate, high, very high and extremely severe values (5076.91 MJ.mm.ha-1 - 22718.83 MJ.mm.ha-1), while the highest values of the topographic factor (with slopes up to 81°) coincide with the upper part of the river basin Dagua, predominantly in the municipality of Dagua. These values indicate that the soils in the area are susceptible to erosion risks depending on the rainfall erosivity and the topographic factor at a moderate, high and very high level, which can generate significant soil losses, and therefore they should be considered when establishing a pineapple crop.
En Colombia casi la mitad de los suelos son propensos a la erosión, donde el Valle del Cauca es uno de los departamentos más afectados respecto a la severidad de la misma. Con el objetivo de identificar la susceptibilidad a riesgos de erosión en términos de la erosividad de la lluvia y la incidencia del factor topográfico en los principales municipios productores de piña del departamento, se realizó un estudio que contempló la información histórica climatológica de más de 50 años, para lo cual se seleccionaron todas las estaciones meteorológicas disponibles en la zona. Se estimó el índice de erosividad (R–EI30), el índice modificado de Fournier (IMF), y el factor topográfico (LS). Los resultados indican que los valores promedio del IMF oscilaron entre (91,31 y 582,79) los cuales corresponden a las categorías moderada, alta y muy alta, los resultados de R-EI30 presentaron valores moderados, altos, muy altos y extremadamente severos (5076,91 MJ.mm.ha-1 - 22718,83 MJ.mm.ha-1), mientras que los mayores valores del factor topográfico (con pendientes de hasta 81°) coinciden con la parte alta de la cuenca del río Dagua, predominando fundamentalmente en el municipio de Dagua. Estos valores indican que los suelos de la zona son susceptibles a riesgos por erosión en función de la erosividad de la lluvia y del factor topográfico en un nivel moderado, alto y muy alto, lo que puede generar importantes pérdidas de suelos, y por lo tanto deberían ser consideradas a la hora de establecer un cultivo de piña.
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