Published

2022-05-11

An experimental test for detecting effective reflector height with GPS SNR data

Ensayo experimental para detectar la altura de reflexión efectiva con información de la relación señal/ruido en GPS

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v26n1.87003

Keywords:

GPS interferometric reflectometry (GPS-IR), Signal to noise ratio (SNR), Multipath theory, Effective reflector height (en)
Interferometría y reflectometría de GPS; relación señal/ruido; teoría multitrayectos; altura de reflexión efectiva (es)

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Authors

  • Nursu Tunalioglu Yildiz Technical University
  • Cemali Altuntas Yildiz Technical University

This study aims to estimate effective reflector heights and height differences using the basic geometrical principle of multipath theory by controlling the signal quality for estimations. The geometry of the reflecting signal allows computing the effective reflector height, which is extracted from where the signal reflects on the ground and arrives at the GPS antenna phase center. To achieve that, an experimental case with two stations was conducted in the snow-free environment and GPS receivers were mounted on reflectors, which allowed to measure daily in-situ reflector heights and artificial decrement variations. The reflections from the roof surface were tracked with the first-Fresnel zones. To validate the estimated reflector heights in a controlled test environment, twelve different combinations within four simulated scenarios as a combination of decrement values have been implemented and accuracy analysis was performed. Here, a vertical shift procedure on reflectors was applied. Meanwhile, the vertical shift amount was tracked in each computation to determine which reflected signal could be able to use for assigning reflector height as effective. Comparisons of the estimated heights and in-situ measurements show congruency with ±1.2 cm to ±8 cm accuracy. The best overall accuracy of the model among the four scenarios is computed as ±2.2 cm. When the vertical shift decrements are considered, the RMSE values are estimated within ±2.92 cm to ±3.96 cm. Although the RMSEs of the differences show a good agreement with estimated reflector heights, it is found that some reflector height estimations are statistically insignificant.

Este estudio se enfoca en calcular la altura de reflexión efectiva y las diferencias de altura a través de principios geométricos de la teoría de multitrayectos al controlar la calidad de la señal para realizar los cálculos. La geometría de la señal reflejada permite computar la altura de reflexión efectiva, la cual se toma entre la señal que se refleja en el piso y la que llega a la antena GPS. Para lograr esto se realizó un ensayo experimental con dos estaciones en un ambiente sin nieve y con los receptores GPS instalados en los puntos de reflexión, lo que permite medir diariamente las alturas reflejadas in-situ y las variaciones en la reducción artificial. Las reflexiones tomadas en la superficie del techo se monitorizaron con las primeras zonas de Fresnel. Para validar las alturas de reflexión estimadas en un ambiente controlado se implementaron doce combinaciones en cuatro escenarios simulados como valores de reducción y se realizaron análisis de exactitud. En este punto, se aplicó un procedimiento de migración vertical en los puntos de reflexión. Además, la dimensión de la migración vertical se monitorizó en cada cómputo para determinar cual señal reflejada es efectiva para ser asignada como altura de reflexión. La comparación de las alturas estimadas y las medidas in-situ muestra congruencia con un rango de exactitud de ±1.2 cm a ±8. El mejor promedio de exactitud del modelo entre los cuatro escenarios se computó con un margen de ±2.2 cm. Cuando se considera la reducción en la migración vertical, los valores RMSE se estiman en el rango de ±2.92 cm a ±3.96 cm. A pesar de las diferencias de los valores RMSE muestran coincidencia con la altura de reflexión estimada se encontró que algunas estimaciones de alturas reflejadas son estadísticamente insignificantes.

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How to Cite

APA

Tunalioglu, N. and Altuntas, C. (2022). An experimental test for detecting effective reflector height with GPS SNR data. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 26(1), 13–22. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v26n1.87003

ACM

[1]
Tunalioglu, N. and Altuntas, C. 2022. An experimental test for detecting effective reflector height with GPS SNR data. Earth Sciences Research Journal. 26, 1 (May 2022), 13–22. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v26n1.87003.

ACS

(1)
Tunalioglu, N.; Altuntas, C. An experimental test for detecting effective reflector height with GPS SNR data. Earth sci. res. j. 2022, 26, 13-22.

ABNT

TUNALIOGLU, N.; ALTUNTAS, C. An experimental test for detecting effective reflector height with GPS SNR data. Earth Sciences Research Journal, [S. l.], v. 26, n. 1, p. 13–22, 2022. DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v26n1.87003. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/87003. Acesso em: 29 mar. 2024.

Chicago

Tunalioglu, Nursu, and Cemali Altuntas. 2022. “An experimental test for detecting effective reflector height with GPS SNR data”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 26 (1):13-22. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v26n1.87003.

Harvard

Tunalioglu, N. and Altuntas, C. (2022) “An experimental test for detecting effective reflector height with GPS SNR data”, Earth Sciences Research Journal, 26(1), pp. 13–22. doi: 10.15446/esrj.v26n1.87003.

IEEE

[1]
N. Tunalioglu and C. Altuntas, “An experimental test for detecting effective reflector height with GPS SNR data”, Earth sci. res. j., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 13–22, May 2022.

MLA

Tunalioglu, N., and C. Altuntas. “An experimental test for detecting effective reflector height with GPS SNR data”. Earth Sciences Research Journal, vol. 26, no. 1, May 2022, pp. 13-22, doi:10.15446/esrj.v26n1.87003.

Turabian

Tunalioglu, Nursu, and Cemali Altuntas. “An experimental test for detecting effective reflector height with GPS SNR data”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 26, no. 1 (May 11, 2022): 13–22. Accessed March 29, 2024. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/87003.

Vancouver

1.
Tunalioglu N, Altuntas C. An experimental test for detecting effective reflector height with GPS SNR data. Earth sci. res. j. [Internet]. 2022 May 11 [cited 2024 Mar. 29];26(1):13-22. Available from: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/87003

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1. Naiquan Zheng, Hongzhou Chai. (2023). Preliminary inquiry on the linear relationship between the height of the station and the ground height error retrieved by GNSS-IR with low-cost smart electronic equipment. Measurement Science and Technology, 34(12), p.125115. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/acf2b6.

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