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Petrographic and geochemical features of Gimo marble, Gole area, Kurdistan Region, Iraq: constraints on its protolith's origin and depositional environment
Características petrográficas y geoquímicas de los mármoles de Gimo, en el Kurdistan iraquí: limitaciones en el origen y ambiente deposicional de sus protolitos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v25n3.88686Keywords:
Gimo marble, metacarbonate, homeoblastic, mosaic texture (en)mármoles de Gimo; región del Kurdistán; textura homeoblástica; textura mosaica (es)
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It is essential to identify marbles' petrographic and geochemical characteristics to determine the palaeo-environmental settings where their carbonate protoliths formed. The petrogenesis of massive Gimo marbles in the Gole area, Kurdistan Region of northeast Iraq, was investigated in this study through a combination of field mapping, petrographic, and geochemical techniques. Petrographic examination of these marbles reveals that mineral compositions are similar in all samples, with both homeoblastic and mosaic textures occurring, in addition to opaque grains that provide evidence of mineralization. Geochemical analyses show that the average calcium carbonate content of the marble is 94.96%; hence, the marble is lithologically characterized as a pure calcite marble. In most samples, the silica content was below 2 wt.%, with high values related to quartz veinlets. A range of geochemical indices and Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS–normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns) suggest that the limestone protolith was deposited in a shallow, near-shore marine environment on a continental margin, with very low input of detrital material. The negative Ce anomalies indicate that the protoliths of the Gimo marbles were carbonate rocks of a sedimentary origin.
Este artículo parte de la importancia de identificar las características geoquímicas y petrográficas de los mármoles para determinar la configuración paleoambiental donde se formaron sus protolitos carbonatados. En este estudio se investigó la petrogenésis de los mármoles masivos de Gimo, en el área de Gole, región del Kurdistán en el noreste iraquí, a través de la combinación de mapeo de campo, con técnicas petrográficas y geoquímicas. El exámen petrográfico de estos mármoles revela que las composiciones minerales son similares en todos los ejemplos, tanto con texturas homeoblásticas como mosaicas y con adición de granos opacos que ofrecen evidencias de la mineralización. Los análisis geoquímicos muestran que el contenido promedio de calcio carbonatado del mármol es de 94.96 %, lo que significa que estas muestras se caracterizan litológicamente como mármoles de calcita pura. En muchos de los ejemplos, el contenido de sílice fue inferior a 2 wt%, con altos valores relacionados a vetillas de cuarzo. Una gama de índices geoquímicos y Esquistos Australianos Posarcaicos (PAAS, en inglés; patrones de elementos tierras raras normalizados) sugieren que los protolitos de caliza se alojaron en un ambiente somero en el margen continental cercano a la línea costera, con un ingreso de contenido de detritos muy bajo. Las anomalías negativas de cerio indican que los protolitos de los mármoles de Gimo fueron rocas carbonatadas de origen sedimentario.
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