Published

2022-09-08

Petrogenetic constraints of the La Quinta Formation igneous rocks, Serranía del Perijá, northern Colombian Andes

Consideraciones petrogenéticas de las rocas ígneas de la Formación La Quinta en la serranía del Perijá, porción norte de Los Andes colombianos

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v26n2.95993

Keywords:

La Quinta Formation; Triassic-Jurassic volcanic rocks; supra-subduction arc; whole-rock geochemistry; geothermometry (en)
Rocas ígneas triásicas-jurásicas; magmatismo híbrido de arco-rift; rompimiento de Pangea; petrogénesis; depósitos de cobre estrato- ligados. (es)

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Authors

  • Néstor Alfredo Cano Universidad Nacional de Colombia
  • Juan Carlos Molano Universidad Nacional de Colombia
  • Janeth Sepúlveda Servicio Geológico Colombiano, Bogotá, Colombia

La Quinta Formation is a Triassic-Jurassic volcano-sedimentary unit that crops out along both flanks of the Serranía de Perijá, in Cesar and La Guajira departments of Colombia, and Zulia state in Venezuela. It is mainly composed of red clastic sedimentary rocks (siltstones, sandstones, and minor conglomerates), interbedded with volcanic rocks and cut by small stocks. The volcanic horizons are mainly formed by rhyolitic tuffs and lava flows (basalts and andesites).

 

Andesites and basalts are constituted by plagioclase, clinopyroxene, biotite, magnetite, apatite, and zircon, whereas rhyolites and tuffs are formed by plagioclase, ß quartz, biotite, and sanidine. EMPA analyses revealed that plagioclase display varying compositions from labradorite-andesine in intermediate and basic rocks to oligoclase in rhyolites. Besides, clinopyroxene from basalts was classified as augite, and several hydrothermal mineral phases were also recognized, such as epidote, Ca-zeolites, and andradite-grossular. Using ILMAT (ilmenite-magnetite) geothermometer, temperature and oxygen fugacity conditions of 700-730°C and +1.2 ∆NNO were determined for dolerite.

 

Whole-rock geochemistry results evidence that La Quinta Formation volcanic rocks belong to the sub-alkaline (calc-alkaline) series, displaying compositions from basaltic andesites to rhyolites. Chondrite normalized REE and incompatible elements spidergrams show typical features of subduction-related magmatism and depict three groups of rocks (basic, intermediate, and acid) with contrasting geochemical behaviors. Hence, each group could have formed during single magmatic events associated with different magmatic suites. Nevertheless, the three groups have features that suggest a genesis related to an Andean-type supra-subduction zone, which agrees with the regional tectonic assemblage during Triassic-Jurassic times.

La Formación La Quinta es una unidad volcano-sedimentaria del Triásico-Jurásico que aflora en ambos flancos de la serranía del Perijá y en la parte occidental de Los Andes de Mérida, en Colombia y Venezuela. Está conformada por capas de lodolita y arenisca rojiza intercaladas con lavas basálticas a riolíticas e ignimbritas. Esta sucesión está local- mente intruida por cuerpos hipoabisales riolíticos-dacíticos, diques félsicos y stocks monzodioríticos. El volcanismo registrado en la Formación La Quinta abarca un rango composicional amplio en la serie subalcalina que incluye: basalto alcalino-andesita basáltica (plagioclasa+augita), andesita-traquiandesita-dacita (plagioclasa+augita+cuarzo+anfíbol) y riolita-riolita alcalina (cuarzo+sanidina+plagioclasa+biotita). Los minerales accesorios son magnetita, ilmenita, hema- tita, circón y apatito, lo que sugiere condiciones oxidantes en los magmas (desde +1.2 Ni-NiO hasta el campo de hema- tita-magnetita). Análisis de geotermobarometría en clinopiroxeno (~1120 °C y 4.6 kbar) indican que su cristalización ocurrió en la porción media de una corteza continental normal a engrosada (26-49 km), y precedió al fraccionamiento de ilmenita-magnetita (~720 °C). Adicionalmente, las rocas exhiben alteración de calcisilicatos (grosularia-andradita hidratada, epidota y ceolitas), en asociación con posibles depósitos cupríferos estrato-ligados. Las evidencias mine- ralógicas y geoquímicas halladas sugieren que estas rocas pertenecen a una suite comagmática donde los procesos de diferenciación estuvieron gobernados por la cristalización fraccionada a baja presión y la asimilación parcial de la corteza media. Asimismo, estas rocas se formaron a partir de grados de fusión parcial bajos en una lherzolita de espinela (o una fuente enriquecida) dentro de un ajuste tectónico suprasubducción de naturaleza híbrida entre un arco y un rift. De tal modo, en este artículo se propone un escenario tectónico mixto en el cual la placa Farallón subducía bajo la placa Suramericana al mismo tiempo que se generaban cuencas transtensionales ligadas al rompimiento de Pangea. De allí la existencia de la actividad volcánica con firma de arco en La Quinta, que estaba ubicada detrás del arco principal.

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How to Cite

APA

Cano, N. A. ., Molano, J. C. and Sepúlveda, J. (2022). Petrogenetic constraints of the La Quinta Formation igneous rocks, Serranía del Perijá, northern Colombian Andes. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 26(2), 139–156. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v26n2.95993

ACM

[1]
Cano, N.A. , Molano, J.C. and Sepúlveda, J. 2022. Petrogenetic constraints of the La Quinta Formation igneous rocks, Serranía del Perijá, northern Colombian Andes. Earth Sciences Research Journal. 26, 2 (Sep. 2022), 139–156. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v26n2.95993.

ACS

(1)
Cano, N. A. .; Molano, J. C.; Sepúlveda, J. Petrogenetic constraints of the La Quinta Formation igneous rocks, Serranía del Perijá, northern Colombian Andes. Earth sci. res. j. 2022, 26, 139-156.

ABNT

CANO, N. A. .; MOLANO, J. C.; SEPÚLVEDA, J. Petrogenetic constraints of the La Quinta Formation igneous rocks, Serranía del Perijá, northern Colombian Andes. Earth Sciences Research Journal, [S. l.], v. 26, n. 2, p. 139–156, 2022. DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v26n2.95993. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/95993. Acesso em: 28 mar. 2025.

Chicago

Cano, Néstor Alfredo, Juan Carlos Molano, and Janeth Sepúlveda. 2022. “Petrogenetic constraints of the La Quinta Formation igneous rocks, Serranía del Perijá, northern Colombian Andes”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 26 (2):139-56. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v26n2.95993.

Harvard

Cano, N. A. ., Molano, J. C. and Sepúlveda, J. (2022) “Petrogenetic constraints of the La Quinta Formation igneous rocks, Serranía del Perijá, northern Colombian Andes”, Earth Sciences Research Journal, 26(2), pp. 139–156. doi: 10.15446/esrj.v26n2.95993.

IEEE

[1]
N. A. . Cano, J. C. Molano, and J. Sepúlveda, “Petrogenetic constraints of the La Quinta Formation igneous rocks, Serranía del Perijá, northern Colombian Andes”, Earth sci. res. j., vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 139–156, Sep. 2022.

MLA

Cano, N. A. ., J. C. Molano, and J. Sepúlveda. “Petrogenetic constraints of the La Quinta Formation igneous rocks, Serranía del Perijá, northern Colombian Andes”. Earth Sciences Research Journal, vol. 26, no. 2, Sept. 2022, pp. 139-56, doi:10.15446/esrj.v26n2.95993.

Turabian

Cano, Néstor Alfredo, Juan Carlos Molano, and Janeth Sepúlveda. “Petrogenetic constraints of the La Quinta Formation igneous rocks, Serranía del Perijá, northern Colombian Andes”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 26, no. 2 (September 8, 2022): 139–156. Accessed March 28, 2025. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/95993.

Vancouver

1.
Cano NA, Molano JC, Sepúlveda J. Petrogenetic constraints of the La Quinta Formation igneous rocks, Serranía del Perijá, northern Colombian Andes. Earth sci. res. j. [Internet]. 2022 Sep. 8 [cited 2025 Mar. 28];26(2):139-56. Available from: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/95993

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1. Jose Manuel Torres-Parada, Johanset Orihuela, Carlos Mario Alarcón Gómez, Jefferson Steeven Diaz Villamizar, Juan Sebastián Gómez-Coronado, José Javier Márquez-Prada, Jorge Andrés Lizarazo-Pabón, German Patarroyo. (2025). Jurassic fern Piazopteris from the Girón Group, Colombia: A taxonomic and paleoenvironmental evaluation. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 158, p.105488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105488.

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