Published

2018-10-01

Characteristics of genetic mineralogy of pyrite and quartz and their indicating significance in the Gaosongshan Gold Deposit, Heilongjiang Province, NE China

Características de mineralogía genética de piritas y cuarzos y su importancia en el yacimiento aurífero de Gaosongshan, Provincia de Heilongjiang, al noreste de China

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v22n4.57512

Keywords:

Pyrite, Quartz, Rare earth elements, Genetic Mineralogy, Gaosongshan Gold Deposit, China (en)
Piritas, cuarzos, tierras raras, mineralogía genética, yacimiento aurífero de Gaosongshan, China, (es)

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Authors

  • Huiqing Geng China University of Geosciences
  • Xuexiang Gu China University of Geosciences
  • Yongmei Zhang China University of Geosciences

The Gaosongshan epithermal gold deposit in Heilongjiang, Northeast China, is hosted by the Lower Cretaceous intermediate-basic volcanic rocks. Three auriferous quartz veins including eleven gold orebodies were all discovered in tectonoclastic zones. Genetic mineralogy study including the thermoelectricity, rare earth elements and trace elements of pyrite and rare earth elements of quartz were carried out. Thermoelectric conductive type of pyrite is mainly N-P type. Calculating the thermoelectric parameters XNP and denudation percentage γ of pyrites from orebodies 1-I, 2-II and 2-IV, suggests that gold orebodies are all eroded to their middle-lower parts. The variable range of Co concentrations (51.3-264.0ppm) and Ni concentrations (68.9-258.0ppm) and Co: Ni ratio (0.31-1.90), together with relatively small Sr/Ba ratio in ore-bearing pyrites (0.11-0.50), supports a hydrothermal origin of mineralization at Gaosongshan gold deposit. Compared with volcanic rocks, the chondrite-normalized REE patterns of ore-bearing pyrites and quartz are all LREE enriched with similar ΣLREE/ΣHREE ratio ranging from 7.37-13.68 in ore-bearing pyrites, 4.74-15.37 in ore-bearing quartz and no Ce anomalies. δEu values in ore-bearing pyrites and quartz are 0.65-1.66 (average=0.93) and 0.66-1.62 (average=1.03), respectively. δEu values of volcanic rocks are 0.86­1.07 (average 0.94), suggesting no obvious negative Eu anomalies. Similar REE characteristics of ore-bearing pyrites and quartz and volcanic rocks, together with previous oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies of quartz, suggest that the ore-forming fluids of the Gaosongshan gold deposit were mainly magmatic origin which was associated with andesitic magma and was partly mixed with atmospheric water. Comparing trace elements characteristics of ore-bearing pyrites with volcanic rocks, together with previous S isotopic studies, it is concluded that the ore-forming materials were derived from the surrounding rocks. Slight changes of Y/Ho (23.80­27.28), Zr/Hf (35.41­47.83), Nb/Ta (10.96­18.52) in ore-bearing pyrites indicate that the ore-forming fluid system is relatively stable during the ore-forming process. 

El yacimiento aurífero epitermal de Gaosongshan en Heilongjiang, al noreste de China, está incrustado en una formación de rocas volcánicas en el Cretácico Inferior. Tres vetas de cuarzo aurífero que incluyen once yacimientos de oro se descubrieron en zonas tectonoclásticas. Se realizaron análisis de mineralogía genética, entre estos de termoelectricidad, de tierras raras, y de trazas de piritas y tierras raras. El tipo de conductividad termoeléctrica de la pirita es principalmente tipo N-P. El cálculo de los parámetros XNP de termoelectricidad y el porcentaje de denudación γ de piritas en los yacimientos 1-I, 2-II y 2-IV sugiere que los yacimientos auríferos están erosionados en sus partes medias y bajas. El rango variable de las concentraciones de Co (51.3-264.0ppm) y de Ni (68.9-258.0ppm), y el índice Co: Ni (0.31-1.90), junto con un índice pequeño de Sr/Ba de piritas mineralizadas (0.11-0.50) suponen un origen hidrotérmico de mineralización en el yacimiento aurífero de Gaosongshan. Comparado con rocas volcánicas, los patrones de tierras raras en las condritas normalizadas de piritas y cuarzos son todos tierras raras ligeros enriquecidos con índices ΣLREE/ΣHREE similares y que se ubican en el rango 7.37-13.68 en las piritas mineralizadas, 4.74-15.37 en los cuarzos mineralizados y sin anomalías de Cerio. Los valores  δEu en piritas mineralizadas y cuarzos son de 0.65-1.66 (con promedio de 0.93) y 0.66-1.62 (con promedio de 1.03), respectivamente. Los valores  δEu de las rocas volcánicas son 0.861.07 (con promedio de 0.94), lo que sugiere que no hay anomalías negativas de europio. Las características similares de tierras raras entre piritas mineralizadas, cuarzos y rocas volcánicas, al igual que estudios previos de isotopos de oxígeno e hidrógeno en cuarzos, sugieren que los fluidos hidrotermales del yacimiento de Gaosongshan son principalmente de origen magmático, el cual está asociado con el magma andesítico, y está parcialmente mezclado con agua atmosférica. Al comparar las características de los elementos traza en las piritas mineralizadas con las rocas volcánicas, y basados en estudios isotópicos del azufre, se puede concluir que los materiales hidrotermales se derivan de las rocas circundantes. Pequeños cambios de las piritas mineralizadas en Y/Ho (23.8027.28), Zr/Hf (35.4147.83), Nb/Ta (10.96-1852) indican que el sistema hidrotermal del depósito es relativamente estabe durante los procesos hidrotérmicos.

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How to Cite

APA

Geng, H., Gu, X. and Zhang, Y. (2018). Characteristics of genetic mineralogy of pyrite and quartz and their indicating significance in the Gaosongshan Gold Deposit, Heilongjiang Province, NE China. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 22(4), 301–318. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v22n4.57512

ACM

[1]
Geng, H., Gu, X. and Zhang, Y. 2018. Characteristics of genetic mineralogy of pyrite and quartz and their indicating significance in the Gaosongshan Gold Deposit, Heilongjiang Province, NE China. Earth Sciences Research Journal. 22, 4 (Oct. 2018), 301–318. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v22n4.57512.

ACS

(1)
Geng, H.; Gu, X.; Zhang, Y. Characteristics of genetic mineralogy of pyrite and quartz and their indicating significance in the Gaosongshan Gold Deposit, Heilongjiang Province, NE China. Earth sci. res. j. 2018, 22, 301-318.

ABNT

GENG, H.; GU, X.; ZHANG, Y. Characteristics of genetic mineralogy of pyrite and quartz and their indicating significance in the Gaosongshan Gold Deposit, Heilongjiang Province, NE China. Earth Sciences Research Journal, [S. l.], v. 22, n. 4, p. 301–318, 2018. DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v22n4.57512. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/57512. Acesso em: 4 aug. 2024.

Chicago

Geng, Huiqing, Xuexiang Gu, and Yongmei Zhang. 2018. “Characteristics of genetic mineralogy of pyrite and quartz and their indicating significance in the Gaosongshan Gold Deposit, Heilongjiang Province, NE China”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 22 (4):301-18. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v22n4.57512.

Harvard

Geng, H., Gu, X. and Zhang, Y. (2018) “Characteristics of genetic mineralogy of pyrite and quartz and their indicating significance in the Gaosongshan Gold Deposit, Heilongjiang Province, NE China”, Earth Sciences Research Journal, 22(4), pp. 301–318. doi: 10.15446/esrj.v22n4.57512.

IEEE

[1]
H. Geng, X. Gu, and Y. Zhang, “Characteristics of genetic mineralogy of pyrite and quartz and their indicating significance in the Gaosongshan Gold Deposit, Heilongjiang Province, NE China”, Earth sci. res. j., vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 301–318, Oct. 2018.

MLA

Geng, H., X. Gu, and Y. Zhang. “Characteristics of genetic mineralogy of pyrite and quartz and their indicating significance in the Gaosongshan Gold Deposit, Heilongjiang Province, NE China”. Earth Sciences Research Journal, vol. 22, no. 4, Oct. 2018, pp. 301-18, doi:10.15446/esrj.v22n4.57512.

Turabian

Geng, Huiqing, Xuexiang Gu, and Yongmei Zhang. “Characteristics of genetic mineralogy of pyrite and quartz and their indicating significance in the Gaosongshan Gold Deposit, Heilongjiang Province, NE China”. Earth Sciences Research Journal 22, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 301–318. Accessed August 4, 2024. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/57512.

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1.
Geng H, Gu X, Zhang Y. Characteristics of genetic mineralogy of pyrite and quartz and their indicating significance in the Gaosongshan Gold Deposit, Heilongjiang Province, NE China. Earth sci. res. j. [Internet]. 2018 Oct. 1 [cited 2024 Aug. 4];22(4):301-18. Available from: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/57512

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